Krysztof Kieslowski

IntroductionKrysztof Kieslowski‘s genius germinated as a truly original and thought provoking film director was deeply influenced by the presence of Communism in Poland,. Later to join the ranks of the world’s greatest filmmakers, Krysztof was quoted as saying asking questions about our existence was more important than being concerned with political reality ; â€Å" why get up from bed ?!† – If one was not at all concerned about the metaphysics of things. In this context his fascination towards the parameters of memory and complexities of survival developed and was later manifested in his works.The land of his birth, Poland, was the background for many of his movies. He shifted his focus from documentary reality as a filmmaker working in his country. The gaze of his camera shifted from documenting reality to the probing the inner life of human beings, deeply affected by their reality in different ways.   The oeuvre of Kieslowski straddled over many conce rns. Two of his recurring themes were the persistence of memory and survival amidst the harsh realities of life. Death and violence was a feature of life in communist Poland.Every vestige of idealism was stripped away in the wake of mind numbing regimentation and the murder of freedom and humanity – almost reducing people to bare survival level.   On a spiritual level the characters in Kieslowski’s works seem to agonizingly grope their way forward out of this darkness.Each in their own way resolve a dilemma of existence, to find reunion, stark truth, even death, happiness and yet the films never work their way to some artificial conclusion – ambiguous as life is, in fact. An examination of the director’s projects will throw up evidence of these recurring themes. Yet, the films are never completely pessimistic, even if some might go deep into the dark side of human nature or seem to be concerned with erotic obsession. Thus in one hand it magnified memory or the reconstruction of memory and on the other hand he juxtaposed the manifestation and complexities of survival.However, the director was himself a very warm person who simply felt that depicting fictionalized reality was simply a better, if oblique, way to show reality. One tends to get an impression from the whole body of work that a lot is being said in the films but very subtly. Of course, helping Kieslowski was his immensely talented cast who seem to draw every shade of feeling out in films as diverse as No End and The Double life of Veronique.   On the face of it nothing very much seems to be happening in these films.   It is all subtle emotional underplay and a strongly controlled interplay of human conflicts and deeply moving responses. (Dollard, 89-92)Two of his films are representative of the aforementioned themes: Three Colors: Blue and Decalogue 2Three Colors: Blue (1993)‘Blue’ is a work of such intensity that one is eternally grateful that Juliette Binoche plays Julie Vignon De Courcy, the protagonist of the film with such a fine texture of emotions.Blue is the Polish director’s penetrating and highly involving work on loss and freedom and is also the dominant hue of his film. It is also part of a trilogy, Red, White and Blue the director made.A bluish candy wrapper in a small girl’s hand, reflects, sunlight through a car’s window; the next shot cuts to a leaking pipe, hinting at the imminent accident involving the car. Julie Vignon is the only survivor in the accident, which kills her daughter and husband. Fortunately for viewers, the car crash is heard not seen. The rest of the incident is shown in fragments and slivers of shattered glass. This reflects the state of the injured Julie in hospital.Extremely painfully she recollects the incident in fragments. The fragments hint at her life so far. She is the wife of a well known musician. The husband has been lately rumored to have run out of original ideas for composition – his scores are said to have been penned by his wife. Julie seems to fighting these memories off almost as if they cause great suffering. She seems to find it difficult to survive.Through these initial terse cuts , Kieslowski draws us wide eyed into a private world of pain and suffering mad acute by lingering memory   this is a devastated world , and very subtle action depicts this . Dialogue would be utterly contrived in this situation. A typical approach would be to take the path of resolution of this pain shown in quick recovery. True to his commitment, the director does not make it so easy. In the hospital, Julie attempts suicide by an overdose of pills but does not really go all the way – she survives.   Here there is a further ‘hardening’ of the situation. (Lamb, 243-245)After her release from hospital, Julie wants to kill herself off psychologically by withdrawing from the world. Her grief in fact, is so intense that she can ne ither cry nor even feel.   Yet, her body language reveals that she is still in great pain. Her mouth quivers as she watches her family’s funeral on television and her daughter’s casket. She visibly goes limp as she approaches her husband’s study. This is depicted with an economy which truly emphasizes the slow build up of grief.   She withdraws herself completely from the world around her and shifts from the family’s country estate to an apartment, in her maiden name. She wipes out all traces of the past, even of her family except a few slivers of glass. Reflections in glass are a persistent device used in the film – meant to convey the distance Julie is creating for herself and her memories.But the distance Julie wants to create cannot really stave off her past, try as she might; her reaction is to further withdraw into an enigmatic silence. At this point, her husband’s business partner, Olivier, searches her out and offers to complete her husband’s unfinished symphony as a tribute to his memory. Here is the working out of a cathartic device. The audience would find it relieving to have Julie come out of the prison of grief and re attach to the world.The resolution of the film’s mesmerizing tone of grief is toward a brighter shade. Blue is the color of grief but Juliet’s slow emergence back into personal peace helps to overcome this. Olivier’s role is cathartic meant to bring a closure. Towards the end of the film, she decides to collaborate on finishing her husband’s symphony and gives off the family’s country estate to her husband’s mistress. (Fletcher, 188)Losing everything can be freedom too.DECALOGUE 2Decalogue was a series of ten I hour films, each based on one of the Ten Commandments. The work was however, no rendering of the Biblical story but a reframing of the commandments to contemporary Poland. Each sin attributed to a particular moral lapse in each of t he ten films. These films offered Kieslowski the convenience of working with some of his favorite themes and some new ones.   They obliquely refer to Kieslowski’s religious concerns but in a way totally in synch with the director’s typically understated and subtle style. They are tightly made and form a work of considerable cinematic importance.The central theme of Decalogue 2 is of the purest moral dilemma. Dorota’s husband is seriously ill and in hospital. What she needs to know from the doctor is whether he will survive or not. She is pregnant by some one else and if her husband survives, she will abort the child .If he dies, she will keep the child.The doctor denies any knowledge of her husband’s prognosis saying he doesn’t clearly know how to answer her.   The doctor’s story is then told in flashback and we find that his family has been killed in a World War 2 bombing raid.   His tragic loss in the past and his memory of it makes him conscious of another life at stake. Here we have a clear glimpse of the director’s humanity and his strong convictions as a person even when working or dealing with a lot of abstraction in his films. The doctor’s dilemma is;  Ã‚   should he tell her the husband will be well thus making Dorota abort the child? In the end the doctor‘s brilliant answer will help to save two lives (Dorota’s and the child’s).The film is embellished like the others in this collection with the many small details that help build up the situation in a one hour film – details that keep audiences involved in the story unfolding. The film reveals that the doctor lives in the same apartment block as Dorota, walks to work. There are scenes involving Dorota’s smoking which obviously increases the danger to her.The theme of survival is cleverly shown in scenes where a bee tries to draw itself out of a bottle on a table in the husband’s hospital bed, makin g the connections to the issue of the fragility of life and strong survival instincts at work both within the film and in living beings. Human beings seem to be longing for contact or withdrawing in their own private world. Meaning is ambiguous in these films: there are the sub themes to consider – violence, chance, fate, and destiny.   Dream sequences are an extension of memory giving us a glimpse of the depth of anguish or obsession which different in the human beings. (Kar, 145)Rather, as his other creation like The Double Life of Và ©ronique, the films take on a life of their own with individuals in a society, in a state, in a family. More is happening to these characters than the films makes apparent. The director does not observe from the wings but probes deep in to what makes human conflict, what goes on in their minds. Thus the aspects of memory and complexities of survival become evident again and again.ConclusionThroughout the latter part of his career, Kieslowsk i reveals a streak of pessimistic humanism. The works show a fascination for the inner life of human beings and a spiritual quest for the meaning of existence, with carefully structured camera compositions and an almost sparse narrative. The deeper truths lie beneath the surface of reality and the unraveling of it is as unpredictable as life – the creator does not contrive situations to fit his view. However, he remained loyal towards his belief of greater truth regarding memory and complexities of survival. (King, 126)Works Cited:Dollard, John; Krysztof Kieslowski looks into Tomorrow. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2006) pp 89-92Fletcher, R; Art: Beliefs and Knowledge; Believing and Knowing. (Mangalore: Howard & Price. 2006) pp 188Kar, P; History of Cinema & Market Applications (Kolkata: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2005) pp 145King, H; Art Today (Dunedin: HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture; (Wellington: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

The Thing in the Forest

Containing all the well-known signs of a fairy tale from the beginning, The Thing in the Forest is expected to include the fantasy aspect of a fairy tale. Unlike most fairy tales however, The Think in the Forest quickly turns into a very real occurrence that happened to children all over that particular region during that particular time period. Once the girls come within earshot, and then sight of â€Å"The Thing†, it takes on many figurative meanings. These meanings include everything from the war and all it entitled, to the girls leaving their innocence and becoming affected by the war.The story includes two little girls as the main characters, yet Primrose, the one who later in life becomes a story teller, is assumed to be the narrator throughout the story. Primrose is â€Å"Plump and blond and curly†¦ [She] had bitten nails, a velvet collar on her dressy green coat. † (353). Interestingly, the narrator (Primrose), who is made slightly greedy from her experienc es during the war, goes into grave detail of her clothing. The â€Å"dressy† clothing holds no real value, and is only added into the story because it holds some sort of personal value to the narrator.Also, describing Primrose as â€Å"plump† is about the nicest way to describe and overweight child. It becomes evident from the first description of Primrose that she is favored by the narrator. Penny is different than Primrose in almost every way. â€Å"Penny was thin and dark and taller, possibly older than Primrose†¦Penny had a bloodless transparent paleness, a touch of blue in her fine lips. †(353). Even though Penny becomes a much more established person compared to Primrose later in life, how Penny is described isn’t nearly as positive as the description of Primrose.With the well detailed description of what Primrose was wearing, it would be expected that what Penny was wearing would be told. These details are never brought to light. This missing information proves that the narrator has a much stronger attachment to Primrose than Penny. The two girls are completely different in terms of personality traits, still they do have some things in common. They both lost their fathers. â€Å" Penny’s farther, †¦died in a sheet of flame in the East Indian Docks†¦Primrose’s farther†¦was killed, very late in the war, on a crowded troop carrier sunk in the Far East† (358).While both their fathers were killed, the ways in which they were killed are just another example of how different Penny and Primrose are. With one being killed by fire and one being killed by water, the natural forces could not be any more dissimilar. â€Å"The Thing† is also something that they both have in common. They both hear it. They both smell it. They both see it. â€Å"A sound and a smell fabricated of many disparate sounds and smells. A crunching, a crackling, a crushing, a heavy thumping† (356).The sounds hea rd by the little girls is the very essence of war. The sound of troops and machinery crushing everything in their way. These sounds are the very sounds that they were sent away from. â€Å"Its face†¦appeared like a rubbery or fleshy mask over a shapeless sprouting bulb of a head. Its expression was neither wrath nor greed but pure misery. †(357). This is the face of war. The rubbery gas masks worn by troops. For almost all, war is pure misery. Not just for the military’s fighting, but for everyone. The girls were sent away to preserve their innocence.Once they ran into the woods, they ran from their innocence and became aware of the war around them. After seeing â€Å"The Thing†, the girls become separated and live very different lives. Just as they started out as completely different people, they continue to live as completely different people. The war did impact them both in similar ways, â€Å"They both never married. † (358). Both Penny and Primr ose choose careers that were influence by the war, but both the careers fit their personalities. Even without the war, they would have probably both chosen careers along the same guidelines.The fact they neither of them married is something that the war probably changed. War has the power to give people something in common who would otherwise have nothing in common. â€Å"The Thing† is everything evil about the war from the understanding of two little girls. They didn’t know exactly what this evilness was, but they did know that it was evil. The story also completes a circle. Starting with a story and ending with the story starting again. How the war influence these girls continues to be passed on through Primrose, the story teller. The Thing in the Forest Containing all the well-known signs of a fairy tale from the beginning, The Thing in the Forest is expected to include the fantasy aspect of a fairy tale. Unlike most fairy tales however, The Think in the Forest quickly turns into a very real occurrence that happened to children all over that particular region during that particular time period. Once the girls come within earshot, and then sight of â€Å"The Thing†, it takes on many figurative meanings. These meanings include everything from the war and all it entitled, to the girls leaving their innocence and becoming affected by the war.The story includes two little girls as the main characters, yet Primrose, the one who later in life becomes a story teller, is assumed to be the narrator throughout the story. Primrose is â€Å"Plump and blond and curly†¦ [She] had bitten nails, a velvet collar on her dressy green coat. † (353). Interestingly, the narrator (Primrose), who is made slightly greedy from her experienc es during the war, goes into grave detail of her clothing. The â€Å"dressy† clothing holds no real value, and is only added into the story because it holds some sort of personal value to the narrator.Also, describing Primrose as â€Å"plump† is about the nicest way to describe and overweight child. It becomes evident from the first description of Primrose that she is favored by the narrator. Penny is different than Primrose in almost every way. â€Å"Penny was thin and dark and taller, possibly older than Primrose†¦Penny had a bloodless transparent paleness, a touch of blue in her fine lips. †(353). Even though Penny becomes a much more established person compared to Primrose later in life, how Penny is described isn’t nearly as positive as the description of Primrose.With the well detailed description of what Primrose was wearing, it would be expected that what Penny was wearing would be told. These details are never brought to light. This missing information proves that the narrator has a much stronger attachment to Primrose than Penny. The two girls are completely different in terms of personality traits, still they do have some things in common. They both lost their fathers. â€Å" Penny’s farther, †¦died in a sheet of flame in the East Indian Docks†¦Primrose’s farther†¦was killed, very late in the war, on a crowded troop carrier sunk in the Far East† (358).While both their fathers were killed, the ways in which they were killed are just another example of how different Penny and Primrose are. With one being killed by fire and one being killed by water, the natural forces could not be any more dissimilar. â€Å"The Thing† is also something that they both have in common. They both hear it. They both smell it. They both see it. â€Å"A sound and a smell fabricated of many disparate sounds and smells. A crunching, a crackling, a crushing, a heavy thumping† (356).The sounds hea rd by the little girls is the very essence of war. The sound of troops and machinery crushing everything in their way. These sounds are the very sounds that they were sent away from. â€Å"Its face†¦appeared like a rubbery or fleshy mask over a shapeless sprouting bulb of a head. Its expression was neither wrath nor greed but pure misery. †(357). This is the face of war. The rubbery gas masks worn by troops. For almost all, war is pure misery. Not just for the military’s fighting, but for everyone. The girls were sent away to preserve their innocence.Once they ran into the woods, they ran from their innocence and became aware of the war around them. After seeing â€Å"The Thing†, the girls become separated and live very different lives. Just as they started out as completely different people, they continue to live as completely different people. The war did impact them both in similar ways, â€Å"They both never married. † (358). Both Penny and Primr ose choose careers that were influence by the war, but both the careers fit their personalities. Even without the war, they would have probably both chosen careers along the same guidelines.The fact they neither of them married is something that the war probably changed. War has the power to give people something in common who would otherwise have nothing in common. â€Å"The Thing† is everything evil about the war from the understanding of two little girls. They didn’t know exactly what this evilness was, but they did know that it was evil. The story also completes a circle. Starting with a story and ending with the story starting again. How the war influence these girls continues to be passed on through Primrose, the story teller.

Management in Libraries Essay

Economic threat to the libraries by escalation of books and journals, fewer resources, constant growth changes in technology and user high expectation have shown that management is the critical factor that determines efficiency and effectiveness of all types of libraries. Thus managers are expected to play different functions in order to be effective and efficient. In this assignment different functions and roles played by managers in different libraries are discussed showing how they improve efficiency and effectiveness and different laws of library management are discussed. DEFINITION OF TERMS Management Effectiveness defined by Bateman, T is â€Å"doing things right†. This means that the manager has the responsibility for selecting the right goals and appropriate means to achieving it. Efficiency is measuring the cost of attaining a given goal, concerned about how resources such as money, time, equipment, personnel obtain given goals. Thus a manager needs to be effective and efficient in order to achieve the goals of the library. MAIN DISCUSSION Library management comprise more than just making changes, it involves managing ongoing operations in the optimal fashion for your institution in the context of its goals, other department’s activities and patrons needs. Thus we realize that different libraries may require managerial different managerial skills in order to perform their duties effectively. Managers help in giving direction to the library showing where it is going. Library management involves planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning is about systematical making decisions about the library goals. In planning the manager defines the objectives the objectives of the library, stating the purpose of its existence, defining the user community and their information needs. This is important as it facilitates efficiency. It helps in understanding the library stakeholders. A public library is an omnibus organization. It carters for everyone in the community thus the need for every user must be known and fulfilled. A public library serves a diverse community of adults, children and teens thus a manager has to plan on resources to be acquired. A manager can plan on different resources that can be acquired ranging from entertainment, fiction, nonfiction for general research, children story books because there are no specific users, the resources must benefit everyone in the society. A manager also organize and coordinate human, financial , physical, informational and other resources needed to achieve library goals. The manager establishes the activity authority relationship of the library. The activities necessary to achieve the objectives are then grouped into working divisions, departments and grouped together. In an academic library a manager can group together activities like accession and cataloguing The manager has to establish standards for performance; this will make sure that the library is performing in such a way as to arrive at its destination. According to Griffin â€Å"controlling helps to ensure effective and efficiency needed for successful management† As a leader the manager is responsible for staffing which is concerned with allocating prospective employees to fulfill the jobs created by organizing process. It involves the process of reviewing the credentials of the candidates of the jobs and trying to match the job demand with the application s abilities keeping each employee qualified. It also involves the development and implementation of a system for appraising performance and providing feedback for performance improvement. In a special library where the main target is a specific audience, for example ZIMRA library its serves the ZIMRA staff and mainly the manager have to recruit someone who posses research skills because mainly it deals with research for its company. The manager is responsible for choosing the right candidate, who knows how to research, even on the internet where there is information overload the candidate must be able to extract relevant information using the right search engine, mainly in a special library every one depend on the information provided by the librarian. The manager is also responsible for keeping the librarian qualified for the job by providing ongoing training since the librarianship profession is dynamic thus this will improve effectiveness and efficiency of libraries. A manager also gives s direction that will help the library in achieving its goals. Directing builds a climate, provides leadership and arranges the opportunity for motivation this is further explained by Rachel’s laws of library management, it says save time of your staff. This means that the staff must be given support they need for them to achieve goals effectively and efficiently this include providing training for them where it is needed. Each boss must plan and oversee the wok of each of his or her subordinates. In an academic library there are different services offered for example cataloguing and accession section can be directed by one manager then the E- resource section can be under another manager e- journals purchased, subscriptions etc. This will ease the load as one manager is focusing on a specific service thus he spend more time trying to improve the services and working with his subordinates and improves efficiency in the library. As a manager attempts to perform the managerial job effectively and efficiently there is a need to ‘wear different hats’ in interaction with employees. Managers interacts with others besides subordinates they work with other peer level managers in some other departments and outside contacts (suppliers and clients). Thus a manager is building contacts through which to gather information. Rachel agrees with this in the laws of management which says library resources are for use. A library manager is expected to connect resources with the user achieving the library goals. Through the liaison role a manager is able to network with other libraries. Academic libraries can practice resource sharing if there are shortages of material in specific departments the two libraries can share the available resources to both libraries and this will give the patrons a wide variety of information thus fulfilling their needs, this will improve efficiency. The manager is exposed to new ideas or methods that may improve the work unit operations. The manager initiates activities that will allow and encourage the work unit to use the idea most advantageously. Rachel’s law of management says that a library is a growing organism. A manager needs to open to change and help the library evolve to meet the needs of patrons. We can look at public library, the introduction of automation the staff may resist change having fear of losing their jobs thus a manager is responsible for encouraging and motivating the staff showing them the advantages of automating the library services and how it can reduce their workload, providing training for them thus the duties are performed effectively and efficiently satisfying the needs of different patrons. An effective manager is an active leader who creates a positive work environment in which the organization and its employees have the opportunity and incentive to achieve high performance (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) In order to perform duties effectively and efficiently Rachel says that â€Å"every task its doer†. The manager encourages ownership and responsibility to each staff member. Every staff member his/ her work, the manager must know people’s skills and strength and staff can then be deployed according to their abilities then the duties can be done perfectly improving effectiveness and efficiency in a library. Even though the staff is divided according to their abilities it is the duty of a manager to create a spirit oneness and togetherness amongst the subordinates. They should work as a team to achieve the library goals; Bavakuty M (2000) agrees that libraries can become effective and efficient by â€Å"strong top management support, a system approach and strategic planning, a customer focus, an emphasis on employee team work, empowerment training, the use of measurement and analysis technique and commitment to continuous improvement†. The manager seeks and receives wide variety of special information to develop through the understanding of the library and the environment, emerges as the nerve centre about the library. The manager monitors internal and external events, ideas, trends and analysis. The manager then uses the information to detect changes, problems and opportunities and to construct decision making scenario. The manager as the disseminator transmits information from other employees to other members of the library. The manager can bring external information received into the organization and facilitate internal flow of information. Thus we realize that management is the heart of any type of library and facilitate efficiency and effectiveness. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bavakutty, M (2000). Management of libraries In the 21st Century. Ess Ess Publication. India. Griffin, R. (1987). Management 2nd editition. Maffin Co Mohant, T. C. (2008). Research Methodology in Library Science. alpha Publishers India. Plunket, R. (1983). Introduction to Management. Kent Publication. United States of Amenrica.

Choose one strength and one weakness of Parsons sick role model. Do Assignment

Choose one strength and one weakness of Parsons sick role model. Do you agree with them Why or why not - Assignment Example One of the strengths of Parson’s sick role model is that it provides a rational background through which people can understand deviant behaviour and excuse it. I agree with this strength because sick people are actually not able to perform normal duties. This is because their health conditions and metabolic activities are impaired. Parson argues that the sick are supposed to be exempted from normal obligations until they recover. Parson enables people to understand the reasons for the sick not working properly; hence, people are made to appreciate the sick role and volunteer to help them during the recovery process (Hart 28). The model also enables doctors to build beneficial relationships with the patients, which prevents physicians from acting on their own interests rather than the interests of the physicians. The weakness in Parsons sick role model is that the model did not consider chronic illnesses and disabilities. I agree with this weakness because Parson was too specific to acute illnesses and avoided a sick role that is permanent and not transitional. Acute illnesses are characterized by patient passivity and physician assertiveness while chronic illnesses involves physicians participating in a treatment plan and patients bearing the responsibility of helping themselves (Hart 32). As people advance in age, chronic illnesses they suffer from in their life can deviance labels, which is not actually the

Importance of Political Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Importance of Political Communication - Essay Example The study has indicated that political communication has contributed to institutionalisation of societal democracies. Reviews on political communication tend to drum the same idea. Introduction Politicians use communication as a tool to disseminate information to the society. Political critics believe argued that political communication whether external or internal acts as a nerve of the government. Those sentiments are observable through daily activities of politicians. Communication is the powerful tool that describes the landmark made in the political world. Reformists used political communication to move masses and advance the political ambitions. For instance, civil right movements have been able to woo civilians by creating powerful speeches that move emotions. Political debates usually draw politicians of various factions together. Patterns employed in communication may vary but the political information intends to give a particular influence to the audience (Dahlgren, 2005:16 6). This study investigates influence of political communication by analysing research articles in the same area. The aim of the research is to evaluate theories relating to political communication, their relevance in the political sphere, and the mode of communication dissemination. Theories developed about political communication focuses on mode of information dissemination. Some theorists have sought to explain how politicians settle in certain decisions. The prediction of the analysis suggested that dealing with small group would create a greater political impact as opposed to large groups. Studies in political communication have sought to investigate influence of politics with respect to psychology, speech communication, mass communication, journalism, broadcasting, and political science. The revelation of the study answers the question on how political communication influences the reputation of a country. The study mode reviews the existing literature on the same topic with a view or relating aspect of public relation and political communication. Findings and Results Political communication has changed in response to changes in technology. The reviewed literature on political communication with respect to the changing technology has confirmed the above finding. This finding tends to explain the reason by various technological approaches used by the politician in disseminating their communication. Politician’s concern is to influence a voter or a prospective voter to take side within a given political inclination. Pattern of information processing is the basis of voter decision. Zeter (2008:236) observed that voters decision occur the same way as personal decisions made when choosing a friend. People consider attributes, which would create a friendly relationship between the politician candidate and the community. The process seems to use identification of personal qualities as the most viable way of choosing political candidate. It means that huma n desirable characteristics should characterise the political campaign alongside other issues (Stanyer, 2007:212). Political bangles contain photo portraits, personal achievement among other desirable attributes that would persuade the voter to accept a particular candidate for a political position. Voting system takes similar approaches because the argument tends to look at the long-term benefit that the policy would

M2 Aplication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M2 Aplication - Essay Example The aim of this application essay is using a group of 489 students in my school for the evaluation of the biases and discriminations they experience as scholars of the ELL program- Mexico. Students that did not pass the AZELLA also apply in identification of the significant gaps in their learning. One of the most pervasive discriminative factors is the inequality aspect of the learning and overall experience of the ELL. States such as Mexico are least likely to benefit from the experience than California, Texas, Florida and New York where despite the number of students available, every one of them gets adequate learning. In Mexico, a school having 489 students is at a great disadvantage and acquiring adequate learning for each student means engaging in judicial battles over finances, state budgets and education policies. The limitation of funds contributes to the failure of the tests because the ELL program appears inefficient without the required resources. Typically, such students lack the learning opportunities and equity similar to groups in New York or other extensively populated states (Richard, 2007). English Language Learners education states are in control of most of the processes involved in selection of services and evaluations at the different levels but even with poor experiences for such a group in Mexico; it is not much of an option. The populations continue to grow but the approach in ELL education is always the same i.e. the 489 students will experience known challenges, fail the AZELLA test and this will continue on to the next group without a provision of solutions. Most of the focus is on standards and accountability yet the resources and investments required in attaining this experience major flaws that create the wide gave in overall achievement (Payan, 2014). This is a prime predisposition of the ELL education and instead of focusing on the overall challenges of the program on a

Global warming proposing solutions essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global warming proposing solutions - Essay Example Air pollution is the basic cause of global warming. The air has been enormously polluted by the smoke escaping from chimneys, and the burning of fuels in automobiles. Man made causes are the biggest contributors of the global warming. Fuels made from such organic materials as oil and coal are called as fossil fuels. When they are burnt, fossil fuels give off gases rich in carbon content. These gases are known as greenhouse gases. These gases include but are not limited to carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (NO). The methane present in ground is collected along with the oil or coal that is extracted from ground. Population is another major cause of increase in global warming. More people require more vehicles. Thus, more vehicles are on the roads to burn the fossil fuels and generate methane and carbon dioxide. Also, the residue of animals that is often dumped into barren lands or even farms is rich in methane. To accommodate the food related needs of the growing po pulation, more cattle are kept because they are the fundamental source of food and dairy products for humans. Their manure is also rich in methane. Even if people become very prudent in their activities and use of things in every day life, they would still give rise to global warming because all living animals and humans inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Humans replace the oxygen in atmosphere with carbon dioxide, and cause global warming. In fact, humans not only replace atmospheric oxygen with carbon dioxide, but also eradicate the fundamental source of oxygen. Millions of trees are cut every year to accommodate the needs of humans. People require wood to construct homes and make things of everyday use. Trees have to be cut in order to gain wood which cuts short the source of oxygen in the atmosphere. Thus, humans are making every effort they can to increase the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and in turn, increase the global warming. Global warming is causing a lot of problems. With the increase in temperature, more and more glaciers are melting away every year and this water pours into rivers and seas. The resulting increase in the sea level is the main cause of the frequent and severe hurricanes, cyclones and tsunamis. The rise in temperature of water on the surface of sea facilitates in the building up of tsunamis. Natural disasters have blanketed the world in the recent years. Every year, many areas are flooded with water which is a potential threat to the life of animals and humans. Many people lose their lives in tsunamis. Glaciers that are melting away are depriving many animal species of their habitat. Glaciers are the primary source of food and shelter for polar bears. The rate at which glaciers are melting away presently will soon make the polar bears extinct from Earth completely. Also, thousands of cattle are drowned in floods whenever they occur. In addition to that, many people die of severe heat in the summer season every y ear because every summer season is getting much hotter than the preceding one. Air pollution has made people acquire many diseases. Thus, global warming is a big threat to life on Earth in many ways. Owing to the dangers associated with the rising temperature on Earth, there is dire need to take such measures that would reduce global warming. In order to control global warming, things of everyday use should be recycled and reused. The reliance on oil and coal should be minimized. Use of HVAC should be minimiz

Recommendations on Canadian government in response to climate change Essay

Recommendations on Canadian government in response to climate change - Essay Example Emission of other pollutants leads to environmental degradation and becomes progressively more and more severe, if not checked in time. Unregulated emission and sewage results in global warming; people’s health notwithstanding, it can cause plant and animal extinction also. It is thus incumbent on Canada and other countries to take appropriate action in tackling the various pollutants seriously and urgently. Damages caused by pollution are not likely to have any discernible impact on people’s current lives within ten years, it is being hoped. One can never be too sure whether the future generation will be able to enjoy the quality of life as people currently do in the next fifty years. In order to reduce the overall environmental damages, Canadian government could issue a set of policies that control firms’ emissions and protect the environment. In most countries, there is a missing market of production externalities which implies that firms’ marginal private cost (MPC) is lower than their marginal social cost (MSC). The difference between MPC and MSC thus becomes a burden to the society which induces social inefficiency and overconsumption (Pettinger, 2013). A balance therefore needs to be struck by the Government to exercise control over emissions by offsetting against this cost. Canadian government could cease the production of heavily (high carbon) polluting firms. For less polluting firms, Canadian government could set a carbon tax to internalize the externalities. The introduction of carbon tax will shift up the MPC curve to MSC by a tax per unit, forcing the emission generators to pay themselves for their deeds. A carbon tax therefore increases the relative price of carbon-intensive goods though it is very hard to set. The Government should attempt to phase the tax in, by giving the consumer and manufacturer a buffer zone for self-regulation;

China Change after the Death of Mao Zedong Essay

China Change after the Death of Mao Zedong - Essay Example They failed to such an extent that many of the people in China died because of the conflicts caused by these two approaches. However the communist approach adopted by Mao was for the betterment of the Chinese people it failed to provide them with adequate reforms. Mao Zedong is still regarded to be a strong communist leader in the history of China.1 After the death of Mao Zedong different fights broke out in China to achieve the premiership. However in the end Deng Xiao-ping succeeded in the fights for premiership and took over the office. His reforms were a bit different from Mao Zedong and were successful enough. However the approach adopted by Deng Xiao-ping can be said to be different than that of Mao Zedong in terms of capitalism. This essay would further analyze the state of China after the death of Mao Zedong, the reforms introduced in China after his death and the survival of communism after Mao Zedong.2 In the era of Mao Zedong the approach adopted by him was of a communist perspective. He wanted the wealth to be divided equally amongst the people of China; however the strategies adopted by him were not successful as expected by him.3 The strategy of Great Leap Forward implemented by Mao Zedong was of an unrealistic nature if viewed closely. It wanted the state of China to prosper in a very short time which was quite impossible as it was already going through an economic depression.4 Mao Zedong through this strategy

Pumping Concrete Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pumping Concrete - Essay Example [3] Conventional methods of placing concrete posed many problems to the engineers of the buildings. For this purpose the 'concrete pump' was invented to pump concrete from far away distances through tubes. Pumping concrete is more economical rather than transporting concrete from a mixing plant to formwork. A continuous feed of concrete can be placed at high speed with access to every part of the site and with no need of transportation. Concrete pumping is sometimes the only possible placing method where the job is inaccessible or the timescale of the construction work makes slower methods impractical. These days pumping is gaining popularity and the only thing that's holding it back is the number of accidents that have taken place while using concrete pumps. [5] When starting the pumping operation, the pumpers are met with a common problem. The pumping pipes are dry and are usually covered with a thin layer of cement from previous pumpings. While passing through the dry pipes the concrete will gradually dehydrate, creating a plug before reaching the end of the pipe. To solve this, the pump and pipeline must be grouted with about 500 liters of a cement slurry or rich mortar. And thereon pumping should be started immediately after grouting. This can be described in the following steps: [5] 1. Pour slurry or mortar into hopper while operating the pump slowly; 2. Discharge excess grout to waste, not into formwork; 3. Retain some grout in the hopper to be remixed with the first hopper full of concrete; 4. Fit the protecting grill on the hopper before loading concrete. When pumping is done downhill, tight plugs of damp cement bags or a sponge rubber balls should be placed before the grout to make sure that the walls of the pipe are properly lined. [5] Functionality of the Pumping Device In essence, a concrete pump places the mixed concrete at various sites by pumping the slurry. It comprises of a supporting arm which is projected at an operating position and used for positioning the conduit end of a pump conduit. A supporting arm with segments constitutes a component of the pump conduit. In order to achieve a higher lift, device provides the features that at least one of the supporting arm segments is adapted to be telescoped and can be transferred from a non-extended starting position to at least one extended position. [4] Three different kinds of pumping techniques are available to the manufacturers Boom Pump - Boom trucks are self-contained units consisting of a truck and frame, and the pump itself. Because of their reach, boom trucks often remain in the same place for an entire pour. This allows ready mix trucks to release their loads directly into the pumps hopper at one central location and helps to create a more efficient jobsite traffic flow. [1] Line Pumps - Line pumps are versatile, portable units typically used to pump not only structural concrete, but also grout, wet screeds, mortar, shotcrete, foamed concrete, and sludge. [1] Separate Placing Booms - Separate concrete placing booms can be used

Introduction to Organisations and Management Assignment - 4

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Assignment Example The various inputs in an organization includes human efforts in the form of workforce, financial inputs in the form of investments, informational inputs in the form of ideas and material inputs in the form of a structure and various equipment for the working of the staff. Utilizing these four inputs an organization is supposed to generate two major outputs, the first one is achievement of the set goals and targets which include production of quality products, provision of quality services and betterment of environment. The second output is the employee satisfaction. While working ‘employees develop a psychological contract with the organization which is based on expectations from each other, the managers and the organization’ (Schein, 1965). The expectations are always based on a feeling that the employee himself is contributing towards the success of the organization so he ‘considers himself entitled to enjoy the benefits of success’ (Armstrong, 2001). ... Since both the companies, Watsons Engine Components and H & M Consulting are operating in a global scenario therefore both are dealing with a complex dynamic external environment with large number of dissimilar external factors changing frequently. Political Factors: The political factors in case of both the organizations are same because both operate in a multinational scenario but H & M Consulting, being a large organization operating in different regions of the world have to adjust to various changing scenarios according the political situation of the region and therefore the managers in H & M Consulting encourage a flexible behavior and flexible approach to providing solutions to problems. While the organizational structure and approach at Watsons is rigid and conservative because it does not have to adapt to various political scenarios. This has created internal politics in Watsons while H & M Consulting is free from any kind of internal politics. Social Factors: Watsons is leas t affected by social factors because it is least concerned about the impacts of the organization on society, while various external social factors like the preference of technological advanced companies will reduce the customers of Watsons in near future. On the other hand the customers are very much satisfied with services offered by H & M Consulting because they have proper CSR programs, have incorporated technological advancement in their organization and are concerned about their repute in the society. Technological Aspects: The technology is advancing every other day but Watsons is not willing to incorporate latest technologies in its assembly line partly because of financial constraints and partly due to lack of initiative. As a result the company has a very so

Antigones Relations Essay Example for Free

Antigones Relations Essay In the two Antigone plays that we read, Anouilhs 1940s modern version and Sophocles version, there are many contrasts. Everything from the setting to the message is different, however the relationship between characters is the most striking difference; relationships with Antigone in particular. In Sophocles version, the character relations are rather underdeveloped, which is an extreme contrast from the relationships shown in Anouilhs version of Antigone. The relationships that are the most different between the two plays are Antigones relationship with Creon and with Haemon. Antigones relationship with Creon in the Sophocles version differs greatly from the Anouilh version. The most obvious difference is that in the Anouilh version Creon doesnt want Antigone to die and tries every way he can to keep her alive. He exhausts just about every argument possible, starting and frequently returning to the similarities between her and her father. He tells her how idiotic her father was and that she would be wise to not make the same mistakes even though she carries the same characteristics that lead Oedipus to his death. Then he switches tactics and half orders her to not be put to death because she has to marry Haemon, and when that doesnt work, he pulls a pity plea of how much he would like to bury Polynices but simply cant because of his duties as a king and what it would cost him if he bent to Antigones will. None of these arguments work, even when Creon, in a last desperate attempt to sway her, reveals to her how horrible her precious brothers actually are. Really in this version, Creon does care about Antigone; he has nothing to gain from keeping Antigone alive besides that she would marry Haemon, and her sister Ismene is still around to marry him if Antigone is put to death. In contrast, the Sophocles version doesnt present such a caring- if you could call it that in Anouilhs- relationship. In this relationship all Creon wants to do is see Antigone put to death. He is unswayed by any argument that his son Haemon throws out there. In this version things are simple. Antigone went against Creons edict and buried her brother, so therefore she must be put to death, no ifs ands or buts about it. There is no room for argument or feeling, and no real relationship development. While the relationship between Antigone and Creon in the Sophocles version is very underdeveloped when compared with the Anouilh version, the relationship between Antigone and Haemon is even more so. In the Sophocles story, there is no indication of the great everlasting love between the two that would drive Haemon to kill himself over finding Antigone dead. There is almost no feelings of anger or sadness at her sentence to death until Haemon suddenly flies into a rage at the very end upon seeing Antigone dead and shoves a sword through his body. To Haemons credit, he does show a little bit of rebellion when arguing with his father about the outcome of Antigone. He comes through with a little bit of strength after all of the oh father, you are so wise junk, and tells him that maybe he should bend just a little for her for his own benefit. And when Creon doesnt listen to his advice, he implies with his last words to his father †¦ And you will never see my face again†¦ (Sophocles, scene 3, line 133) that he may in fact take his own life. But thats as far as it goes, and it seems to be more out of anger at his father than of his love for Antigone. In Anouilhs version of the story, Haemon and Antigone have a much more developed relationship. Its plainly clear that Haemon loves Antigone and wants to be with her, even if she doesnt fully understand why he chose her over Ismene. The fact that he did chose her over Ismene shows more than anything else that he does indeed love her. Anouilhs added scene with Haemon and Antigone develops the relationship so much more and gives one a more believable basis for Haemon killing himself over Antigone. The scene is an intimate look at a couple in love, instead of in the Sophocles version a relationship that seems to be arranged for convenience at best. The changes in scenes which enhance and develop the relationships of Antigone with Creon and Haemon greatly improve the Anouilh version. Without the added scenes and implications in the scenes, the Sophocles version is rather dry and doesnt inspire much catharsis. However, in the Anouilh version, the reader is actually made to feel for the characters through their trials and tribulations, and therefore to be angry at Creon for killing her, disbelieving of Antigone for her stubborn pride, and sad for all involved when everyone except for Creon end up dead. So although both versions are supposed to be the same story, the relationship developments are so  contrasting that they are different stories altogether.

Cyber Crimes and Cyber Security

Cyber Crimes and Cyber Security Jackalynn E. Sellers Abstract Cyber related crimes are increasing at a rapid rate across the world. Hacking and viruses are used to steal important personal information. Understanding cyber-crime is essential to understand how criminals are using the Internet to commit various crimes and what can be done to prevent these crimes from happening. This paper will cover different cyber-crimes and information on what the average Internet user can do to protect themselves from falling victim to cyber-crimes. Keywords: Cyber Security, Cyber Crime The Internet is a place saturated with information and over the years, information has become more easily accessible than ever before. How much information that is chosen to be shared on the Internet should be carefully considered. A simple post to any social media site could give out more personal information than originally intended. Cyber security is a priority with the growing use and ease of access of the Internet. If an internet user is not careful about the information given over to cyberspace, the users identity could easily be stolen or their finances drained. Cyber security is important not just to the government but also to the average user. Cyber Crime To understand why cyber security is needed and important, an understanding of cybercrime is required. Cybercrime is any illicit activity that is performed on the Internet or any network-based device. These crimes include identity theft, viruses, cyber stalking, and phishing. Identity Theft Identity theft occurs when a hacker steals information from personal accounts such as banking information, social security numbers, and addresses. The hacker will then use this information to create accounts in the victims name. Being aware of encrypted websites and having adequate measures of protection when imputing this information into websites is essential to even the less-than average user of internet. Viruses Computer viruses are pieces of code that are usually attached to downloadable files. When the file is running the code of the virus activates and proceeds to spread throughout computer files. These viruses infect vital information and can lead to deletion or corruption of important system files. Some viruses will also allow personal information and files to be accessed by another user. Cyber Stalking Cyber stalking is a crime that occurs when a person is being harassed by another person in an online setting. The victim is often bombarded with messages not just to themselves, but also to family members or friends. Threats are often received by the victim as a tactic to get the victim to reply. Often the victim will suffer from anxiety and fear. Phishing Phishing is a crime where electronic mail is sent to the victim that mimics banking institutions or other financial or personal information accounts. The victim, if not careful, will enter their personal information on a site that mimics very closely the website used for personal information. It is important for a potential victim to be aware of email addresses associated with bank accounts and other sites that may contain personal information. Conclusion The increase on cyber-attacks all over the world is pressing the need for updated cyber security. The United States created the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) in 1988 after a wide-spread break in of the Internet. The CERT has no authority to arrest or prosecute hackers but it does provide constant security of international information on the Internet. Interpol has also set up the I-24/7 communication system for internet-based policing to report any crimes found. Altogether, the average user of the Internet can protect themselves from cyber-crimes by being aware of what information is being put on the Internet and being aware that the information can be seen at any time by any person in the world. There are departments of security in place for the more serious cyber-crimes and reports can be made to these departments of any cyber-attacks. Advances are constantly being made to police the Internet and cyberspace. References Goutam, R. K. (2015). Importance of Cyber Security. International Journal of Computer Applications, 111(7) doi:10.5120/19550-1250 Williams, B. K. Sawyer, S. C. (2015) Using Information Technology. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Education  

The Future Of The Merchant Marine :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the very beginnings of the United States, its waterways have provided a way for Americans to increase their standard of living. Ports like Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore all were important during colonial times and are still important today. US ports and waterways systems are truly a national resource. US ports and waterways have historically performed a role as the critical lifeline for our nation’s international and domestic trade since the birth of our country. Like any other national resource, it must be cared for and cultivated to meet the growing needs of its users, which include not only the direct users, but also each and every citizen. This cultivation must include consideration of future needs such as projected growth in waterborne commerce and characteristics and technology developments associated with its direct users (carriers, shippers, importers and exporters).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The national transportation system was composed of relatively discrete units of rail, road and water transportation sub-systems, which interfaced by necessity rather than by design. Today, due to increasing cargo volumes and competition from other national port systems, the cornerstone of our national port and waterways system must be the recognition that intermodalism maximizes the efficiency of our system and provides the well marked pathways to future planning and development efforts. Intermodalism requires a seamless transportation system, which provides smooth transition of cargo from one transportation mode to the other. It also requires the recognition that the waterborne and land based infrastructure must develop with the needs of the users in mind. These developments must include developing technology in the areas of ship design and onboard equipment, vessels traffic systems, aids, and port access programs that efficiently link marine transportation syste ms to their rail and road links.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We as a nation benefited initially from the water access to our trade and we benefit now. There was no need for any national debate on the subject; ports needed to be deeper and channels needing to be kept clear. Using public funds through the use of the US Army Corp of Engineers solved much of the problem. Port access is important to understanding the change. A limitation in depth became a problem at many of the country's ports. The corp. also used private contractors, which were funded through the Corps of Engineers' budget. Maintaining the waterways was important for the nation commercially, nationally, the funds were used to accomplish the national objective. The Navy was always around various ports and that continues today.

Science vs Religion Essays -- Human Evolution vs Relgion

â€Å"Science is not only compatible with spirituality; it is a profound source of spirituality. When we recognize our place in an immensity of light†years and in the passage of ages, when we grasp the intricacy, beauty, and subtlety of life, then that soaring feeling, that sense of elation and humility combined, is surely spiritual. The notion that science and spirituality are somehow mutually exclusive does a disservice to both.† -- Carl Sagan Students bring with them many assumptions about science, about religion, and about their relationship. These assumptions may impact, positively or negatively, their willingness and ability to engage the scientific study of human origins. This essay is provided as a guide to begin thinking about science and religion in the context of the possible interactions of religious worldviews with a scientific account of human evolution and origins. In other words, this essay will explain how human evolution and religion can peacefully coexist. What is science? Science is a way to understand nature by developing explanations for the structures, processes and history of nature that can be tested by observations in laboratories or in the field. Sometimes such observations are direct, like measuring the chemical composition of a rock. Other times these observations are indirect, like determining the presence of an exoplanet through the wobble of its host star. An explanation of some aspect of nature that has been well supported by such observations is a theory. Well-substantiated theories are the foundations of human understanding of nature. The pursuit of such understanding is science. What is religion? Religion, or more appropriately religions, are cultural phenomena comprised of social institutions, traditions of practice, literatures, sacred texts and stories, and sacred places that identify and convey an understanding of ultimate meaning. Religions are very diverse. While it is common for religions to identify the ultimate with a deity (like the western monotheisms – Judaism, Christianity, Islam) or deities, not all do. There are non-theistic religions, like Buddhism. What is the difference between science and religion? Although science does not provide proofs, it does provide explanations. Science depends on deliberate, explicit and formal testing (in the natural world) of explanations for the wa... ...e is practiced without reference to religion. God may be an ultimate explanation, but God is not a scientific explanation. This approach to science is called methodological naturalism. However, this method of isolating religious interests from scientific research is not an example of the separation approach. Historically, this bracketing out of religious questions in the practice of scientific inquiry was promoted by religious thinkers in the 18th and 19th centuries as the most fruitful way to discover penultimate rather than ultimate explanations of the structures and processes of nature. A third possibility for the relationship between science and religion, one of interaction, at minimum holds that dialogue between science and religion can be valuable, more that science and religion can constructively benefit from engagement, and at maximum envisions a convergence of scientific and religious perspectives. Generally, this view encourages an effort to explore the significance of scientific understanding for religious understanding and vice versa. With this approach science remains relevant beyond the classroom for many people who might otherwise ignore scientific findings.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Plasmodium Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedic

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Plasmodium Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite and transported by the Anopheles mosquito. Fever is the most common symptom of malaria. Other symptoms include arthralgia and vomiting. The most common diagnosis process for this disease is looking at the patient’s blood under a microscope. If microscopy is not available, antigen detection tests can be used. In a year, there can be as many as five hundred million new cases of malaria, and of those five hundred million, 2.7 million die. That means, on average, a malaria-caused death happens once every twelve seconds. Malaria â€Å"threatens more than 40 percent of the world's population.† (â€Å"NIDCD,† 2002) So what exactly is malaria? What are its symptoms and how would someone diagnose this disease? Malaria is a disease cause by a protozoan parasite. There are four species of these one-celled organisms that cause malaria in humans. They are known as Plasmodium; the most common is Plasmodium falciparum. To get inside our system, Anopheles mosquitoes are needed to transport this killer parasite. Fig. 1 (â€Å"NIDCD† 2002) Symptoms occur about ten to sixteen days after the mosquito bite. (â€Å"Malaria, 2002) Fever and classic flu symptoms begin. Symptoms sometimes follow a pattern of days where the attacks vanish and reoccur again. The period of time when the symptoms come and goes depends on the species of protozoa. For the parasites P. vivax and P. ovale, symptoms come and go for two days, and P. malariae has a three day period. Shivering occurs as well as head and muscle aches. The person infected becomes lethargic. Arthralgia and vomiting are other common symptoms of malaria. Because the parasite is invading and killing red blood cells, malaria can res... ...Malaria. Retrieved July 26, 2006, from CDC Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/faq.htm#symptoms (2005, November 11). Malaria. Retrieved July 26, 2006, from Microbiology @ Leicester Web site: http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/224/Malaria.html (2006). Malaria. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from institute for OneWorld Health Web site: http://www.oneworldhealth.org/diseases/malaria.php (2002, September). Malaria. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from US Department of Health and Human Services Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/medlineplus/leavemedplus.pl?theORG=%4E%49%41%49%44&theURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eniai d%2Enih%2Egov%2Fpublications%2Fmalaria%2Fpdf%2Fmalaria%2Epdf (2002). NIDCD. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from Fooling Anopheles: Scientists Aim to Wipe Out Malaria by Outsmarting a Mosquito's Sense of Smell Web site: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/images/malaria.jpg

Online marketing vs Traditional marketing Essay

Traditional marketing have many advertisement methods that have been used in the past. By saying this, we can assume business cards, print ads in magazines or newspapers, posters, radio, television commercials, brochures and billboards. Traditional marketing uses anything as long as is not digital to â€Å"brand† your product or company logo into the minds of people. People sometimes can find you or your business in a network or referrals and they will definitely come to trust you and the work you are doing. And digital marketing also still evolving and will be updating as long as technology continues to make advancements. Digital marketing includes things such as a website, banner ads, social media mentions, or YouTube videos for example. The goal of digital marketing is for people to find you. They might find you or your web-site through an organic search, paid search, social networking or by reading a post or comment that you have published online it can be an ad or an article. Once they become familiar with your brand through your online presence, a trust will develop. With the help of traditional marketing a business can reach a specific target audience that may not have access to the internet and this can be the only way to reach certain people. Certain customers may also prefer a physical printed piece to view. On the other hand, a key digital marketing objective is engaging customers and allowing them to interact with the brand through servicing and  delivery of digital media. This is achieved by designing digital media in such a way that it requires some type of end user action to view or receive the motive behind that media’s creation. 2. CONTENT a) Digital Market When is it used? Some companies have some big goals that they want to achieve, in order to make that happen they try to get customers from everywhere. In this case, digital marketing is going to be very effective for them as they want to advertise in the whole country/continent or world. Using internet or smart phones as a medium to advertise your product will be nothing difficult for a digital marketing strategy. Why using digital marketing: Digital media is so deep that consumers have access to information any time and any place they want it. Forgotten are the days when the messages people got about your products or services were sent by you and having info about only what you wanted them to know. Today, we use digital marketing because it makes our business life easier and faster. We can also consider saying that more effective because people do not use the old method as much as they used to do. How to use digital marketing: Marketers use digital marketing to make more people know about their product. Sending info out about your product trough internet in some famous web-pages such as Facebook, Hotmail, Yahoo or Twitter, makes it easier for people to see it and put some interest if they find it interesting. Just open a web-site and expose or advertise your business and all the product you offer. You must make it look interesting and colourful to attract visitor’s attention so that more people will know about your business. Big companies such as Amazon and a big name as EMIRATES use digital marketing and that helps those companies to be known by a lot of people worldwide. b) Traditional Markets When to use it? How to use it? Direct Mail: When it comes to your direct mail strategy, here’s the thing: Shift your mind-set dramatically. If you’re used to direct mail, I think you’ll find the easiest transition into more friendly people turf in email marketing. It will help promote new products or services in a similar way to direct mail. One piece of content for one person, but allows you to personalize your messaging more easily, and more efficiently, than personalized print marketing. These efficiencies will enable you to reallocate budget to other aspects of your marketing strategy. Most importantly, it’s measurable. Direct mail is often feast or famine, but email marketing is easier to track and improve upon. By analysing open and click through rates, you can more effectively make the necessary adjustments to increase conversion rates. Email Blasts to Purchase Lists: Before you consider ditching your entire email strategy, make sure that a lot of people are already utilising it. According to a study by Pew Research Centre, 90% of people use the internet to send and receive email at least occasionally. Print and Advertising: As people focus more their attention to a second screen, so should you. There are lots of video online that people are watching. Find out where, and look into methods of advertisement there†¦ or better, yet creating your own online videos and showing up your YouTube presence. The same applies to print, people prefer digital subscriptions to the touch and feel of paper. Considering the nature of your product or service, shift your budget away from physical media as much as possible in order to attract a more digital, multi-screen generation of buyers. 3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL AND DIGITAL MARKETS. a) Advantages of Digital Marketing: Reduced cost: a business can develop its online marketing strategy for very little cost and can potentially replace costly advertising channels such as Yellow Pages, television, radio and magazine. Simple to measure: One can see in real time what is or is not working for your business online and you can adapt very quickly to improve your results unlike in the traditional method. Brand Development: A well utilized website with quality content targeting the needs and adding value to your target audience can provide  significant value and lead generation opportunities. The same can be said for utilising social media channels and personalised email marketing. b) Advantages of Traditional Marketing: New marketing methods do work and can increase a company’s client base, completely replacing traditional marketing with the latest marketing techniques can prove to be dangerous. Traditional methods have a high success rate and that is proven. Internet methods are subject to clients or customers having access to an online medium and being Internet savvy. With traditional marketing, anyone with a newspaper, mail service, television or radio can learn of your business or service. Rather than customers going online to find your business or service (and possibly stumbling on your competitor’s website), you bring your business or service to potential customers with print advertisements and other traditional methods. c) Disadvantages of Traditional Marketing Price: Traditional media buys are usually more expensive than newer forms of advertising. In addition to the cost of buying TV spots, you may need to pay for the development of your commercials. Harder to Target Audience Print and broadcast outlets provide media kits with audience demographics, but once a magazine is mailed, a paper is delivered or an ad is broadcast, you don’t know who actually read, saw or viewed your ad. Less Information The message you can deliver with traditional advertising is much more limited compared to newer forms of communications. If you can get people to your website with the click of a banner ad or link, you have almost unlimited opportunities to deliver page after page of information to customers. With print and broadcast, you must communicate your message within a few square inches of space or in 30 seconds. d) Disadvantages of Digital Marketing Lacking an actual presence: The customer struggles to actually feel or decide to try on the merchandise which may be a restriction for several products. Nevertheless a study of customers of cosmetics services and products suggests that e-mail marketing may be used to interest a customer to search  well for a shop to get one of these solutions or even to consult with sales representatives. Hard to tell if individuals are lying: There’s too much informative data on the World Wide Web today, it’s often difficult to differentiate between quality and garbage. Lots of the garbage is directed at newcomers. Lots of Information: Once more we reach the section of their being truly a large amount of info on the World Wide Web. It might be too much good data as well. There is a lot of competition for a business, this can make a person more troubled than if there have been given lots of garbage. You will possibly not have the ability to tell whom to choose. CONCLUSION Traditional marketing and digital marketing are two different ways of advertisement that have been applied for marketers since the old ages till the current time. Considering the points we have covered above, we come to conclude that each type of marketing is effective depending of the person we are advertising it to. REFFERENCES: 1. http://www.businesszone.co.uk/blogs/robbo75/totally-digital-marketing/10-benefits-digital-marketing-v-traditional-marketing 2. http://digital-marketing-strategy.weebly.com/digital-marketing-vs-traditional-marketing.html 3. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-traditional-marketing-25573.html Valencia Higuera, n.d

Jim and His Father Essay

How would you describe Jim’s self-concept? I noticed that Jim has a negative image about himself. Jim believes that his father has a unrealistic expectation of him. 2) How is self-concept affecting the interaction? Is it helping it? Hindering it? Explain using concepts from the text. Jim having a negative self-concept is really bothering him. While his dad is telling him he isn’t trying hard enough he actually thinks that no matter how hard he does study he still wont do well. 3) Using the process of human perception starting on page 64. Explain the situation from your perspective as a student. Selection-â€Å"We attend to certain stimuli based on a number of factors† (Wood, 2012, p.65). â€Å"We notice things that stand-out, because they are larger, more intense, or more unusual than other phenomena† (Wood, 2012, p.65). When I read this and see the video I see that Jim’s father isn’t seeing that Jim is actually trying hard to get good grade, he is just having some hard time..Organization-â€Å"Once we have selected what to notice, we have to make sense of it† (Wood, 2012, p.66). â€Å"Prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts are cognitive schemata that we use to organize our perceptions of people and phenomena† (Wood, 2012, p.66). I seen in the video that Jim knows that he is actually going to need to study a lot harder and more to bring his grade up to make his dad happy. Interpretation-â€Å"Is the subjective process of explaining our perceptions in ways that makes sense to us† (Wood, 2012, p.70). Attribution â€Å"is an explanation of why something happened or why someone acts a certain way† (heider, 1958; Kelley, 1967; Manusov & Spitzberg, 2008). I think that Jims father is being hard on Jim because his dad paid for college on his own and it was not hard for him to get good grades. Attributional error-â€Å"Researchers have identified a common error that people make in their attributions† (Wood, 2012, p.71). â€Å"Self-serving bias this is a bias toward ourselves and our interests we tend to avoid taking responsibility for negative actions and failures by attributing them to external, unstable, and specific factors that are beyond personal control† (Wood, 2012, p.71). The  best example I seen in the movie is when Jim states that no matter how hard he does study he will still get bad grades because of how hard his classes actually are. 4) Using the guidelines for improving perception and communication starting on page 79 of the text, provide at least two tips for both Jim and his father on how to handle the situation in an effective way. Make sure to incorporate the text guidelines with proper in-text citations to support your points. Jim’s father 1) Distinguish between facts and interferences-â€Å"A fact is based on observation. An interference involves an interpretation that goes beyond the facts† (Wood, 2012, p. 81). Jims dad assumed that because jim is not making good grades , instead he is goofing off with his friends more. I think instead of yelling at him for goofing off he should ask what he can do to help. 2) Guard against the self-serving bias-â€Å"Because the self-serving bias can distort perceptions, we need to monitor it carefully† (Wood, 2012, p.82). I think that Jims dad needs to stop yelling at him because he is not as good as he is when he was in school. Jim 1) Guard against the fundamental attribution error-â€Å"This occurs when we over estimate the internal causes of others undesirable behavior and underestimate the external causes, and when we underestimate the internal causes of our own failings or bad behaviors and overestimate the external causes† (Wood, 2012, p.82). With Jim’s dad underestimating him it causes Jim to underestimate what he can do. Jim feels like he will never be able to make his dad proud of him. 2) Avoid mind reading-â€Å"Mind reading assuming we understand what another person thinks, feels, or perceives† (Wood, 2012, p.82). Jim knows that his dad is constantly on him about his grades. So when he calls home he knows that his grades are going to come up during the conversation.

1984 Oppression Essay

In the dystopian novel 1984, George Orwell portrays a society where betrayal is not only acceptable, but it is actively encouraged through the use of psychological manipulation, which demonstrates the weakness of the individual to resist oppression. The party has built the society in such a way that when Parson is turned in by his daughter to the Thought Police he reacts with â€Å"sort of a doleful pride† (233). Parson is an example of the unthinking masses of the society; he has been oppressed for so long his ability for individual thought has been greatly diminished. He doesn’t even question if he truly committed treason against Big Brother, he does not take into consideration that his seven year old daughter may be lying. Parsons doesn’t show any anger toward his daughter that betrayed him, his response is the exact opposite he is proud that his daughter is doing what is best for the party. The party’s oppression of the individual begins at birth, through methodical thought conditioning. The party transforms the children of the society into model citizens that are willing to betray their own flesh and blood. See more: Foot Binding In China essay Through the party’s use of psychological manipulation the framework of the society urges its citizens to pursue the enemies of Big Brother. This further cements the Party’s power. The party dehumanizes them so that their inhibitions are only showing loyalty to the party. Through the domination of thought the party ensures that its citizens are completely loyal to Big Brother. The telescreen is a tool for the party; the citizens of Oceania live in constant fear of being monitored by the screens that they end up betraying their thoughts through their body language. â€Å"The smallest thing could give you away. A nervous tic, an unconscious look, a habit of muttering to yourself-anything that carried with the suggestion of abnormality†(79). Oceania’s citizens don’t know when they are being watched, the byproduct of this is the citizens policing themselves, giving the Thought Police the ability to completely control them. The fear produced by the telescreens lead the people expose themselves to the eyes of the party, which ultimately leads them to betray themselves .The party overwhelms the minds capacity by a constant stream of propaganda coming out of the telescreen at all hours of the day allowing the party to completely dominate the minds of the people, taking away the potential of individual thought. Betrayal in the society George Orwell created in 1984 was expected. Through the domination of the individual thought, and their inability to resist that oppression, betrayal of one’s comrades was only natural. Individual thought was so greatly overshadowed by the party’s constant stream of propaganda in the novel that there was no place for it in the minds of the citizens. The psychological manipulation that the party inflicted on its citizens everyday made it impossible for the individual to resist oppression.

Opposite of Loneliness

osite of loneliInterpretive essay – opposite of loneliness For every teenager, stepping into the world of adulthood somewhat gives them a different vibe and ambiance whereby they go through different stages and levels to finally be where they are today. They can never be aware of what the future holds for them but to only be prepared for every impact that might hit them along the way. Its like a test, being graded based on your performance and to distinguish whether or not you’ve achieved your success.In the article â€Å"Opposite of loneliness† by Marina Keegan, it explains about the life of a young adult who started her adulthood in Yale University. A place she had found happiness and most certainly the opposite of loneliness. Moreover, she finds herself completely attached to it as she had said in the first paragraph â€Å"What I’m grateful and thankful to have found at Yale and what I’m scared of losing when we wake up tomorrow and leave this p lace†. This phrase shows us that Yale brought out the best in her, something she fears losing and that she is actually very reluctant to have to leave.She is afraid that all her memories and experiences she has gone through would be gone once she steps out of Yale. This article shows the basic development of a young adult’s social life beginning with a simple circle of friends or a clique and the attachment that became stronger as one grow fonder of the people around her which is exactly what she faces in her experience in Yale where it was mentioned in paragraph three, â€Å"Yale is full of tiny circle we pull around ourselves†. She found that even though not everyone knows everyone, there is still unity and a sense of togetherness among the students in Yale.She also added that the experienced they shared among themselves were priceless and unforgettable and that she felt safe and loved whenever in the company of her peers during her time in Yale. This article a llows us to see that the writer begins to discover herself and learns to comprehend about life as she faces challenges along the way while being in Yale. The fear of knowing the truth or fear of not knowing at all is something every individual learns to adapt to however the word â€Å"fear† should never conquer a person as it would only demotivate ourselves instead f seeing the positive side of life just as she had mentioned in paragraph 4 â€Å"But let us get one thing straight: the best years of our lives are not behind us. They’re apart of us† The writer starts comparing the her past and the possible future where she wished that she could wind back time and correct her past mistakes and regrets if given the chance to. It makes us realize that in life there will be scenes playing in our minds like a 1980’s classical film in which the â€Å"What if† takes place.There are times that every individual wished they could go back in time and do somethin g good for themselves or be a the chairperson of a certain society, things they never knew they had it in them or things they went through and it never crossed their mind that they actually did it which is exactly what she felt in herself, â€Å"I’ve looked back on my high school and thought: how did I do that? How did I work so hard? † Everybody would have their standards of living and expectations of succeeding however the article also makes us realize that no matter how perfectly we plan, we may not have the ending that we wished for.We can never be certain of what the future holds for us, however as life goes on, we understand that a human being tends to regret her decisions and change their minds ample of times which explains what she had mentioned in paragraph nine â€Å"If only I had majored in biology, if only I’d gotten involved in journalism as a freshman† The writer also shared uncertainties for what the future would hold for her. She starts co mparing herself to others who have accomplished more than she has. Life is all about choices and it is these choices that she is most afraid of.The writer also stated that during her time in Yale, she never had to make any life changing choices and knows she has to start doing it once she graduated and is afraid to make the wrong choices. However, she added that however our lives turned out to be, the future is uncertain and that it can be altered at any point of our life. This can be seen when she said â€Å"What we have to remember is that we can still do anything. We can change our minds. We can start over†. At a young age especially an undergraduate student would always feel that there’s always something missing in their lives to what they’ve accomplished.However also at a young age the opportunity that lies ahead in the future is even bigger. For each expect the young adult faces in Yale University, she comes across one conclusion of her college life, lonel iness was never involved however happiness, laughter and memories are definitely words to describe it. Stages by stages this article makes us understand that we as human beings should cherish each and every moment that we have and make the best out of it. Sustain it as a memory that becomes apart of you until the very end. Yes life is not a bed of roses however there’s no harm in trying to make it an enjoyable experience and ride.

CanGo Corporation Essay

CanGo does not seem to have any legitimate process flow charts, especially for its operations facility. Two floor plan layouts were drawn up. One for the current operation processes and one which shows the operation facility if CanGo invests and implements an ASRS (automated storage and retrieval systems). These two floor plans were referred to as flow charts. Flow charts consist of shapes and connectors which are labeled stating the flow of the processes, the decisions that can be made at specific stages, and outcomes of those decisions. Accompanying a flow chart would be the floor plan and written documentation outlining and explaining the entire process. Recommendation Classes Consulting recommends that CanGo draws up an actual flow chart, as well as the floor plans and written documentation explaining the processes in their operations facility. In addition, costs, financial effects (both current and future), and other details should be included for both the current operations system and the proposed ASRS and barcoding system. Having all of this documentation will show where improvements can be made and where costs can be cut. It will show and explain in detail the actual processes used for receiving, picking, and shipping. A floor plan will not take into account the actual details such as how long it take to pick books, how crowded it is on the operations floor, nor how the employees feel about the possible change. If, after creating this documentation, CanGo decides to go ahead with the new barcode and ASRS the flowchart will help in the creation and setup of the new systems. In addition, if financing is needed to install the new systems, having this documentation will show the lenders that CanGo has thought it through and can give details.

Diet Recommendations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diet Recommendations - Essay Example Another vitamin that aids my immune system D. This functions to reduce inflammation in the body. Vitamin E is another vitamin that supports my immune system. It functions by protecting cells against free radicals. As my diet is deficient in both these categories, I could improve this requirement by adding salmon, Swiss cheese, and tomatos. In terms of minerals, one of the important minerals I consume for my immune system is selenium. Selenium functions by aiding proteins that help the thyroid function and protect the immune system. Zinc, another mineral in my diet, aids my immune system by building T-lymphocyte cells that fighting invaders into the body. I can increase selenium by consuming more cashew nuts, as well as tuna. Finally, I can improve my zinc intake my consuming bran cereal and pine nuts. II. In examining my diet and other risk factors for cancer I recognize that there are a few elements that could be considered factors for concern. In terms of food intake one of the mos t important foods to avoid when possible are processed foods (Adams, 2007). I recognize that in many aspects my diet includes processed foods that could be replaced with more natural alternatives in an effort to improve overall health and long-term risk for cancer. In addition to avoiding processed foods, I recognize that another food I consume in high amounts is refined sugars and grains; particularly, I consume these elements, respectively, in the use of artificial sweeteners for coffee, and white flower for baking. Rather than consuming refined sugars in large quantities I could incorporate natural sweetener into my diet, or even use honey in coffee drinks. As far as activities, I recognize that extra time I spend directly in the sun can accumulate in skin cancer, and should remain aware of utilizing sun screen and staying out of the sun for prolonged periods. III. In examining my diet for hypertension and heart disease I recognize that there are a few elements that can potential ly contribute to these factors. One of the primary foods that contribute to hypertension is salt. While my diet isn’t extremely high in salt, I recognize that there are days when my consumption goes over the recommended levels to avoid potential risks for hypertension. In these regards, I can work toward limiting my salt intake to six grams per day. Another food that I consume that contributes to hypertension is caffeine in both tea and coffee. While I find it difficult to do without caffeine, I can make an effort to reduce my intake of caffeinated beverages. In terms of heart disease, I recognize that my consumption of eggs, which are high in cholesterol, can potentially contribute to my risk for heart disease. In all, my diet is healthy in terms of risk for heart disease, yet I recognize that I need to remain vigilant about not incorporating too many elements that could potentially contribute to heart risk. I also recognize that maintaining an active lifestyle, with daily p hysical activity is important for avoiding heart disease and hypertension. IV. In terms of my diet and general activities I recognize that there are a number of aspects that may potentially contribute to my risks for diabetes. One of the main dietary concerns I have in regards to potential risk for diabetes is through my consumption of processed meat ("Foods that cause," 2009). In these regards,

Retail Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Retail Branding - Essay Example The current interest in retail branding is scarcely to be wondered at, given that, as Ailawadi and Keller acknowledged, ‘’With the growing realization that brands are one of a firm’s most intangible assets, branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade’ (p.1). If one looks at a breakdown of the revenue of a major retailer, one will usually find that a large proportion of that revenue comes from the sale of manufacturer’s goods. However, this poses problems for retailers given the incredibly competitive nature of the marketplace – many stores might stock exactly the same goods, and quite probably at similar prices. They thus have to focus on developing marketing strategies which will encourage consumers, when faced with a choice of stores, all of which sell what they want, to choose one over another. As Ailawadi and Keller note, ‘building their [retailers] own equity is a particularly challenging problem, but one wi th big potential rewards. Such equity insulates them from competing retailers’ (p.1). The definition of retail branding offered by the Canadian Marketing Blog supports this, stating that it ‘is about differentiating, a unique personality, a true point of difference’. ... n incredibly wide range of factors, from the assortment of goods on offer in the store, to the level of customer service and comfort they experienced while shopping there, to their pricing and credit policies, and of course the quality of the goods sold. This stands in contrast to a consumer’s opinion of a product brand, which is more likely to have been constructed mostly from their opinions on that product’s marketing campaigns, and any experiences they’ve had of that brand’s goods. Identifying the manifold elements that strongly influence the construction and perception of a retailers’ brand image, we might conclude that the general atmosphere in the store, the prices and presence or absence of attractive promotions or reductions, and the range of products are perhaps the most important. One might think that price is always the most important factor in decisions made by consumers, but Brown highlighted long ago that price perception is more impor tant that actual prices. In short, if a retailer intends to market its brand based principally on its price, Brown found that for consumers, what was important was that they believed a store’s prices to be low, rather than whether they actually were. Therefore, a retailer has to work on getting all of these elements right in order to create the best possible experience for consumers frequenting their stores, in order to build up networks of loyalty and patronage among consumers. The key is winning over large numbers of consumers who believe that a particular retailer offers a superior shopping experience, and will recommend that retailer to their friend and family networks, as well a visiting it again themselves. Of course, manufacturer brands, as Ailawadi and Keller acknowledge, can be useful in creating a

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contract Law - Essay Example The customer handling is a tactic that helps you in increasing the retention rates of the customers. The customer loyalty with your company can enhance your sales and helps in increasing your yearly turnover. These customer complaints when handle properly inform the organization what actually the customers wants in product, their needs and what changes they further want in your product or service. The importance of these complaints, requirements and ideas from the customers are very important due to the reason that the company actually serving these people. So these complaints are actually the customer voice that meant a lot for the organization. The after sale service of a company is important because customers may feel some problems while the usage of the product and dealing with problems may help in gaining their loyalty. These customers compliant handling is not only important to the sales and marketing department of the product launching compnay but also important for the servic e providing companies. The purpose of this article is to deals in importance of complaint handling within the retail FS UK market. We will consider that what problems actually the customer were facing and how the problem solving enhances their service market. In 2003 the life insurance company which was based in financial market of UK ... ancial market of UK paid the fine of 675,000 pounds due to their mortgage endowment complaints which were not handled properly by their service department. Similarly in 2004, the same Life Insurance Company paid the fine of 725,000 due to their bad handling of mortgage endowment complaints, which they were facing the last year. The only reason was that the company was unable to provide better services before and after the sale of their product and services. In 2005, High Street Bank paid the fine of 800,000 pounds due to their worst handling of customer complaints. In 2006, again the same Life Insurance Company paid the fine of 750,000. In 2007, IFA paid 330,000 of pounds as fine against worst compliant handling of their customers. These all fines which are paid by the companies mention above are the only reason of bad customer services they provide to the customers. These companies then need to take a deep look inside their customer relation services in order to know that what the r oot cause of the problem is. Where the main problem lies We try to search and find some issues which these companies lack and these were The financial service companies were fail to give efficient customer services as customer advisory department were failed to advise the customer the which service suit them most. The importance to the customer within the company wasn't matter when they first step in the company. The companies were unable to investigate deeply in order to know that where the company lacks or performing badly and the only reason was that they lack a sufficient communication level. The companies were unable to launch such systems and strategies that can improve the customer relations with their employee's and the reason was this that they actually don't know that where the