My Son Changed My Life Essay

Before my son had arrived, I was in complete shambles. My life was spiraling down a one way tube into darkness. I had become everything that I had only wished I wouldnt. I was known as nothing better then â€Å"white trash†. I thought that I had it all. I was only 17 and I was free. I left home to be with my ex- boyfriend, and I was free! No rules, No boundaries, just freedom. I thought life couldnt get any better. Although, as time went on I realized how much I missed my family, and how things were starting to turn sour in my relationship. We had no money. For weeks, we had nothing. We were living off of our friends who were gracious enough to take us in. I started doing drugs, and drinking every chance I got. I stole items to pawn them for money. Most of the money went twords food, drugs, or alcohol. I was lucky I was underage when I pawned stuff becasue word had gotten around to the cops that it was stolen, and every person who did it was thrown in jail. Thankfully, I was only put on probation for 6 months. Things started to look up for a little when my ex and I moved back in with his parents. It was a hell hole, but it was a place to stay without living off other people. We started to hang out with friends every night, driving around the town, drinking, starting fights, just waiting to get in trouble. We didnt realize it at first, but the person we were driving around with was what most would call â€Å"bi-polar†. It only took one night to realize it, and that would be the end of that. We were driving around with this friend when she had gotten so mad at this person, that she circled the block, and tried to hit him with her car. Thankfully we were on the same block as my ex’s parents, so we called it a night. I was worried that I pregnant in the begining of December, but I didnt take a pregnancy test until 4 days before christmas. I can remember it just like it was yesterday too, I was sitting in a local resturaunt with my friend and I had went into the bathroom to take the test. I remember screaming for my friend to come in, and she couldnt beleive it. I took a second test to be 100% sure, and in deed I was pregnant. We didnt tell family until Christmas Day. Most of my family was happy for me, but some of them were a little doubtful that I would stop the nonsense I had gotten myself into. And indeed I did. I moved back home with my parents, and I started my life all over again. I was a brand new person, and in less then 8 months, my life was going to change even more. On August 9, 2006 my son was born. He was the most beautiful baby boy I had even layed eyes on. He was so special, and he had to be sent from heaven. I had moved in with his father in March and we were doing really well. My son had only brought us closer together, and he was our pride and joy. He still is til this day. My son changed my life in many ways. Before he was even here he had changed my life. I realized that I had to grow up and be a better person. I wasnt just going to be taking care of myself, but a baby too. I had be responsible. I had to be the best mother I could possibly be. After he arrived, I realized that I wouldnt have to sit around and think about alcohol or drugs, and wish to do them. My son kept me occupied enough for me to understand that there was more to life then drugs and alcohol, that there was more to it then having freedom. It wasnt about me anymore, It was about my family, and I would do anything for them. My son was my lifesaver. I tell him everyday that he is an angel. I just hope that when he’s old enough, he’ll understand exactly why he is my angel. He turned my life upside down, which in reality, had turned me back to the person I was supposed to be.

Good Man Is Hard to Find Essay

According to Shakespere, â€Å"All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players†. Some people, in their daily lives, do more intentional acting, or decieveing, than others. The terms â€Å"Friday Muslim† or â€Å"Sunday Christian† have been coined to describe people who appear to be devout to their religion when they attend their weekly religious gathering, but otherwise do not display any moral connections to it. These people put more importance on appearing as a good and richous person rather than actually thinkning, speaking, and acting according to the religious documents they claim to follow. Living this sort of life proved to be fatal for the Grandmother in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find. The Grandmother’s religious hypocracy caused her to corrupt the thoughts of her grandchildren, manipulate events onto a negative path, and ultimately cause the death of her and her family. Studies done by the National Child Study indicate that children’s views are larely shaped by â€Å"caregiver/child interactions throught childhood†(â€Å"Measuring†). John Wesley and June Star’s mother and father seem to be very passive and quiet with thier views. In comparison, the Grandmother is outspoken, opinionated, and presents herself as a religiously knowledgable, and there for trustworthy, person. The children seem to have picked up on her racist views as their normally argumentitive resopnses are absent when she makes condesending comments about an ovbiously poor â€Å"Negro child standing in the door of a shack†(O’connor) they pass on their trip. The impression of the grandmother’s views into the children is also aparent when, rather than being appalled at her racist story about a suitor bringing her watermelon, â€Å"this story tickled John Wesley’s funny bone and he giggled and giggled†(O’connor). Also, June Star shows signs of the same materialistic shelfishness of the Grandmother when she states that she â€Å"wouldn’t marry a man that just brought her a watermelon on Saturday†(O’connor). The grandmother replies that she wishes she would have married him because he â€Å"had died only a few years ago, a very wealthy man† (O’connor), as if wealth is the most important factor in deciding whom to marry. Nearly everytime the chirdren speak their comments reak of the condescending, corrupt influence of their grandmother. Had the Grandmother put more emphasis on actually practicing Christian values than just appearing to be a godly person she would not have had the relaxed attitutte towards lying which led her to her death. Fearing her cat ,Pitty Sing , â€Å"might brush against one of her gas burners and accidentally asphyxiate himself†(O’connor), she sneaks the cat into the car. She knows that her son Bailey has good reason for not wanting the cat to accompany them on the trip and would not allow it, but this does not stop her. The Grandmother later tells a story to the children about a plantation she used to visit when she was younger. She believes he house to be a little way down a dirt road they passed on the highway. She begins to have a burning, almost childish, desire to revisit this landmark and so lies to the children. Knowing it will manipulate the children into helping her persuade their parents to visit the house, she tells them â€Å"there was a secret:-panel in this house†(O’connor) which â€Å"all the family silver was hidden in†(O’connor). As expected, the children begin whining untill their father, Bailey, agrees to make a â€Å"one and only time†(O’connor) exception to the trip itenerary and visit the plantation. The Grandmother’s deception leads to Bailey wrecking the car. The cat becomes statled leaps onto his neck, causing him to jerk the wheel in firght and lead the car into a ditch. Due to the Grandmother’s lack of morals, the family is left helpless and injured on the side of a near abandoned road. As exzibited in devout priests, nuns, and missionaries, selflessness is highly valued in Christianity. The Grandmother would like for people to think of her as a selfless christian role model, but her actions prove her to be quite the opposite. Before the family sets out on the trip she attempts to manupulate them into going to Tennessee instead of Florida. She actually wants to go visit some old friends in her former home state, but she attempts to scare the family into changing their destionation. Had she not been so selfish, she would not have so clearly noted and remembered that â€Å"The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida†(O’connor), and therefor would not have clearly recognized him when he stops to help the family later in the story. The Misfit made the decision to kill the family in order to cover his tracks only after the grandmother verbalized that she identified him. Her selfish attitude kept her from realizing that it was likely not in her families best interest to blurt out this realizatioin. It clearly shows that even in the most dire of situatioins no one else’s well being was even close to the forfront of her toughts. The Gandmother’s pattern of selfishness is not cohearent with her claimed Christian ties, and unwittingly led her and her family to be massacred. The politition who claims everyone should be â€Å"green† in order to save the planet but continues to travel in a private jet, The religious leader who preaches meantal purity and is found to have a drug habit, or even the parent who tells their child â€Å"do as I say, not as I do†; hypocracy in all forms has its victims. O’Connor was known to be a devout Roman Cathloic and likely resented people who, like the Grandmother in this story, were good at pretending to be religious but had no actual commitment. Unfortuantly for the Grandmother her first selfless act came to late.

Performance Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Performance Management Systems - Essay Example The tools to help manage and track performance management across organizations have been in place for considerably less time. In fact, most of the oldest of those in use today have only been on the market a little longer than five years. Systematizing the performance management systems has its benefits. Taking into account the case of Saba's Enterprise Performance solutions, it offers the following advantages: First, it focuses people on strategic initiatives, such as responding to new competitors, launching a product, or investing in a new line of business. The identification of strategic initiatives and making it visible across the organization shapes the goals and the competencies required for each individual in the organization. Beneath these are operational objectives that focus on what you need to do to achieve strategic aims. Prioritizing these will identify key areas of activity and areas where additional effort or resource will be directed to deliver improvement. Operational priorities will influence the decisions that managers make on a yearly, monthly and even daily basis. Second, it helps organizations execute on their business strategy by focusing people on strategic initiatives resulting to goal alignment of individual activities and organizational goals. One of the biggest challenges that organizations face in developing their personnel for maximum business gains is aligning development efforts with the organization's goals. In a recent survey by Bersin & Associates, 60% of training managers indicated that their biggest challenge was to be sure their efforts were aligned with the company's business strategy. In fact, the idea of performance management is to combine the viewpoints of the organization, the individual, and the environment. Third, it offers performance assessment capabilities designed to increase the productivity of individuals and the overall organization. Top performing organizations combine performance and improvement in a single agenda, often establishing a senior management group with responsibility for both. These groups, sometimes including executive portfolio holders, take responsibility for: regularly monitoring and acting on key performance indicators that reflect corporate priorities, setting standards for performance and expectations of when action needs to be taken identifying tolerances for performance , asking challenging questions about performance , ensuring that there are robust action plans to address under-performance, redirecting resources where necessary , following up planned actions, ensuring they have led to improvement , and sending out a clear signal that performance and improvement are being taken seriously at the highest level. Lastly, it focuses learning resources on organizational and competitive goals. To be successful today, organizations must focus on understanding who they are and where they want to go (the vision and mission), setting clear expectations of the outcomes to be achieved by the organization (goals and objectives) and describing how people should perform their roles to deliver the vision, mission and goals (the competency system). Having a clear direction and defined outcomes doesn't seem to be sufficient to drive

The Music of Josquin des Prez Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Music of Josquin des Prez - Research Paper Example that he did not compose what his patron wished – he composed when and what he wanted and that the reason as to why he frequently changed his jobs was that compared to his counterparts, he demanded a higher pay. Josquin was mostly celebrated for his motets and chansons and was very particular about his songs – if anyone tried to alter them, he became very furious. His contemporaries admired his composing skill greatly. These included Cosimo Bartoli a Florentine mid-century composer who asserted that Josquin’s standing was equivalent to Michelangelo’s stature in sculpture, as well as Martin Luther who confessed that the mastery that Josquin had was so great that it defied comparison with the endeavors of his counterparts. Additionally, Heinrich Glarean, a theorist and humanist from Switzerland, in his judgment of Josquin, confessed that Josquin’s skill was utterly versatile, so endowed with a natural vigor and acumen that he was able to do anything pertaining music. Glarean adds that this polyphonist’s songs gracefully and fluently expressed the moods of the heart matchlessly (Knighton & Fallows 15). In their commentary on Josquin’s artistic and historical position in music development, Davison and Apel compares him with Raphael, his contemporary in painting history (225). Another writer by the name Charles Joseph gives a commentary on Josquin’s inventiveness arguing that what has made his music to be so popular is its intriguing compositional logic. Josquin expertly integrates the simplest motivic cells into great melodic compositions of architectural perfection. Consequently, composition and analysis teachers have always advocated that their students examine his works thoroughly (Judd 299). Another person who praises Josquin is Henricus Glareanus. While analyzing his melodic structure and modal mixture, Glareanus pays tribute to Josquin praising this prince of the perfect art for his handling of the modes producing profound pathos, sonorous beauty

The Time Surrounding The Lottery Research Paper

The Time Surrounding The Lottery - Research Paper Example The late 1940s, the time when the story was written, was a time of political and social upheaval. Due to the complicated events that took place during and after World War II, and the beginning of the â€Å"Cold War,† many things that had been taken for granted in society were being questioned by people. This led to the creation of Womens Rights movements, but also to the Truman Doctrine and, later, McCarthyism—both movements which supported the status quo. These contradictory movements for change and against it show that â€Å"The Cold War affected almost every aspect of American life.† (â€Å"Introduction†) The story shows a definite nod to the increasing social awareness of women in 1940s America. During World War II, women had begun to work and take on more responsibilities, and they became used to being treated more like equals. After the end of the war, they were expected to go back to being submissive and agreeing to everything their husbands told them to do. Obviously, this did not sit well with many liberated women. This aspect of the story is more of a reflection than a criticism. It can be seen in how the various female characters in the story are critical of the tradition of the lottery. This is obvious from the story, because there are many places where women question the established traditions, like Mrs. Adams, who says that " Some places have already quit lotteries† (Jackson, 308). However, it is equally obvious that the men disagree. This was the same in reality, where many men were opposed to feminism because they wanted to remain socially superior to the other gender. In other words, â€Å"society defined experiences centered around males, with females as mere accessories.† (Feminism) Even though Feminism didn’t really exist until the 1960s, there seem to be very strong elements of it in â€Å"The Lottery† with female characters like Mrs. Adams. The

Energy drink case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Energy drink case - Research Paper Example It is, therefore, feasible to posit that market positioning of alternative beverages is largely dependent on product differentiation. Just like in production of carbonated drinks, principal sellers in alternative soft drinks industry are globally renowned beverage manufacturers like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola (Barr & Hajela, 2013). This is ascribable to the fact that the two companies already had strong brands in the beverage industry before venturing into the provision of alternative beverages. Nonetheless, other beverage manufacturers like Hansen Natural Corporation, which produces Monster Energy and Red Bull GmbH, have succeeded in building recognized brands, while gaining a considerable share of the potent alternative beverage industry. Even though the latter industry was projected to sustain the steady growth observed previously, it suffered a setback following the 2008 financial recession. Unfavorable economic conditions impeded consumers’ buying capacity thus resulting in a significant decline in sales, particularly those of highly-priced alternative beverages. All the same, industry analysts foresee improvement in sales of alternative soft drinks with time, as carbonated drinks consumers progressively shift their preference towards the relatively new beverage category. Competing companies in this industry can only increase their chances of success depending on their readiness to match volatility of consumer trends, capacity to build brand loyalty, willingness to adopt innovation, and ability to increase distribution and marketing channels, among other distinctive strategies. Global beverage organizations like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola are focusing on reversing the major decline of carbonated by venturing into production of alternative beverages. These organizations have expanded their market presence by introducing vitamin drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks in the international market (Esterl, 2013). Additionally,

AVAYA Case Study (Marketing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AVAYA Case Study (Marketing) - Essay Example The firm faces competition from large global multinational firms and local regional service providers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and formulate tactics and strategies to improve the marketing function at Ayala Corporation. Ayala has sever heal fundamental problems that are impeding the firm from achieving greater levels of growth. The company has several marketing and sales offices responsible for different strategic purposes. The decisional power is divided among too many places, a scenario that slows down the implementation process. Another problem is that the company separates marketing and sales considering them separate departments. This operating structure is inefficient because it creates inconsistencies in the approaches utilized to generate revenue. Sales generation is a task that should be handled by the marketing department and it should never have a separate leadership team responsible for its functionality. Ayala has to streamline its operation to integrate sales with the marketing department. The operation strategy of separating marketing and sales is risky because it can lead to internal disinformation, contrast philosophical approaches, and inconsistencies, and complications integratin g different sets of information packets. A new system that gives greater power over sales must be designed in a manner that the sales people are given the freedom to operate with autonomy to minimize the risk of conflict. A troublesome issue at Ayala is that the company utilizes a lot of indirect channels to generate sales. Indirect channels account for 53% of the company’s sales generation. The use of external channels undermines the ability of Ayala to implement its marketing campaigns effectively and to provide a level of customer service aligned with the company’s expectations. The strategy does have the advantage of lowering labor overhead, but it does not allow the firm to develop the abilities of its own

Methods for Resolving Small Scale Systems Problems Essay

Methods for Resolving Small Scale Systems Problems - Essay Example They refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. The dynamism of the society’s needs creates different system challenges at every turn (Hitchins, 2006). As the world grows and becomes more networked, so do the challenges that the systems face. In addition, with this growth, adaption and integration, the problems and challenges increase in size and complexity. With these problems, different principles and methodologies have been put in place to solve them. Problems with Large scale systems Large scale systems refer to software intensive systems with large amounts of hardware, processes, users and user data. With this kind of scale, many problems arise. Examples of large scale systems include: the Department of Defense, the global financial markets and the healthcare system among others. Some of the problems that arise in large scale systems include: problems caused by human interaction; these are caused by the users of the system. High number of use rs that interact with the systems causes a large number of problems. These problems may cause the failure of the whole system. This kind of problem can be solved by making the interaction between the user and the system user friendly. This will reduce the number of errors that will be encountered. The system must also be designed in a way that can evolve to fit the needs of all the users and accommodate the evolving trends and changes. Another problem faced is when the design of the system is laid out in a manner that is too tech-centric and doesn’t input many factors. When a system is being designed, for it to be effective, it should take into consideration people, the nature of the organization and other factors such as social considerations. When all these things have been considered, any problems arising from these factors can easily be handled. Small scale problems solved with large scale principles Small-scale systems are the systems that have a small number of users, l imited processes and an easily manageable amount of data. These systems are those found within organizations, small firms and fairly small settings. Though their resources are easily manageable, they still encounter problems just like any other system. And some of the problems they face are like those faced by large systems and can be solved by large systems principles. One of the problems faced is miscommunication; when communication channels break down in a system, problems are encountered and errors that can cause system failure arise. In large-scale systems, the people design principle works in that the people using the system are incorporated (Skyttner, 2006). This can help solve a problem in communication, in the sense that people will design communications protocols that will be convenient for them, hence, less likely to break down. Another principle used is the purpose principle focuses on dealing with only relevant issues and removing the irrelevant ones so as not to lose t rack of the problem. This applies in small scale systems, in that whenever a problem arises, without the irrelevant aspects, the problem is promptly solved because the probability of working on the wrong problem is highly reduced. The systems principle works on the notion that every problem is part of a larger system (Skyttner, 2006). In order to solve the problem, all the dynamics of the components that make up the system must be known and incorporated. In a

Ethical Business Desicion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Business Desicion - Essay Example At other instances it might be a more complex issue that requires a lot of struggle and hard work before coming to a conclusion and making the right choice. Deciding what is "right" is most of the time not all that easy. Ethical decision-making may be elaborated further by the use of a real-world example of a 45-year-old lady named Sheila (Susca, 2006). Sheila is a dedicated and hardworking head of the human resource department of a large company. And just like any other leader, she too was faced with an ethical dilemma in the working environment. A few years back, her company considered hiring a former member of staff. This particular employee had in the past schemed against Sheila and had given her severe pain and suffering. She chose to remain quiet back then and had moved on as he left the company. According to his resume, he was fit for the position and had a number of good qualities and skills needed for expanding the business and the company. Now it was up to Sheila to decide what decision is in the best interest of everyone in the company and herself. Utilitarianism is the act of maximizing utility or happiness of all the concerned people. Act utilitarianism considers the maximum happiness to a maximum number of people. Rule utilitarianism however states that according to the rules, an action that brings about the greatest utility should be taken. The rule utilitarian abides by the truth. (Prevos, 2004) According to act utilitarian, that act... (Prevos, 2004) 3. A persuasive argument based on the theories and fact in the scenario. Sheila may ask herself a question: "Is this a good person to hire" According to the rule utilitarian, the honest answer according to Sheila would be "No". According to act utilitarian, that action must be taken which brings about maximum utility to maximum people. In this case, a "yes" to that question would be a good choice for Sheila as this is in the best interest of the company. Sheila is challenged with this situation. Based on the theories just mentioned, hiring back the former employee would be a good choice according to the act utilitarian theory. This would bring about fruitful results in the future. Sheila must consider the potential benefits that may occur, as she has been trusted with the responsibility of hiring good prospects. Considering otherwise, employees of her company might lose faith in her, which ultimately would result in a breakdown of her confidence. All consequences, therefore, must be evaluated carefully before making an ethical business decision. REFERENCES 1. Debra Susca. (2006). Making Ethical Business Decisions. The Journal of Connecticut Business and Industry Association, Vol. 84, No. 6 2. Peter Prevos. (2004). Rule and Act Utilitarianism. Ethics. Monash University,

Best Buy Case Study Essay Example for Free

Best Buy Case Study Essay Best Buy is a multinational corporation with over 4,000 locations nationwide. Circuit City was Best Buy’s only main competition for some years until it took over and ran Circuit City out of business. Best Buy’s market share increased after that however, other large retailers as well as e-tailers entered into the market. Amazon, Target, Wal-Mart and Apple became Best Buy’s new competition that caused a decrease in market sales in 2010. They all had the same thing in common after the Circuit City collapse and that was to increase electronics. They all had their own strategies to out-beat Best Buy. Although Best Buy acquired some more competition in a 2010 survey consumers still said Best Buy is the first to come to mind when they think about buying electronics. However, even though Best Buy is the first that comes to mind against the other competitors, depending on what the product is they will go to Amazon to buy it instead. Due to their strategy which focuses on three areas; customer-centricity, employment policies and exclusive branding, they are keeping up with the competition. Best Buy’s strategies may help them a majority of the time but they could change their strategies just a little bit. They should try what Wal-Mart does and price match ads with other stores so that way they are still getting the profits and keeping customers. In my opinion, Best Buy could improve their strategy when it comes to prices because they are on the higher end of prices. As a consumer myself, I do look at Best Buy first for my electronics but I usually go somewhere else because the prices are usually cheaper. Other than their prices I actually think their strategies are working out good for them and it shows in their rankings amongst other competitors. Consumer electronics is considered a mature industry because of the new trends. This industry hits record sales during the holiday seasons but still says rather well throughout the year as well. All companies associated with this industry try to keep up so they make their own products. However, due to manufactures cannibalizing their products their product life cycle has decreased. Manufactures started doing this to try to keep their consumers  loyalty. When prices start to fall for technology products this opens a bigger demographic; however by time the prices fall for the products they have come up with better products. In order to recapture the growth of Best Buy they should try to fix the prices to fit a bigger demographic. I think if they at least try to work with the consumers with the prices they would gain more customers. The problem is the fact that consumers go elsewhere when they see the prices and do a price match. Amazon became popular with electronics because people f ound out that they could get electronics of all kinds online. Also Amazon has an advantage over Best Buy because with Amazon there is free shipping on products, well on most products. I think if Best Buy tried to adapt some of Amazon’s strategy they can out beat them in the electronics department. If they could be like Amazon and have a limitless inventory online rather than just have their amount of availability on the showroom. If they did this I think they would see growth in their company. They pride their selves in having the most respected name brands in the consumer electronics industry so if they matched the prices with their pride in their brands I see a definite growth in their company. With Best Buy being a well-known company and is the first that comes to mind when talking about electronics, if they had a bigger choice when it came to the products than they might gain some more growth as well to go along with their already loyal customer base. At Best Buy, they offer a selection of energy-efficient products. These products were designed to help their customers around the world save some more money by using less energy. I think with Best Buy becoming more sustainable they are more able to maintain the interest of the stakeholders. With these products the shareholders play a big role in influencing their overall sustainability strategy. The stakeholders help with modeling Best Buy’s annual sustainability reports. So with them adding this strategy and allowing the stakeholders to get the chance to have a part in the strategy they are gaining their interest. Best Buy actually takes the recommendations from their stakeholders and they try to communicate with them in efforts to keep their interest in their decision to incorporate a sustainability strategy. I think this was a good move on their part because it states they were uncertain about Mr. Dunn’s five year growth strategy. The stakeholders  were worried abo ut Best Buy’s cash position and about if these strategies would work or not. Anytime when stakeholders have the opportunity to have a so in a company is a good thing. In conclusion, I believe Best Buy is a great company but can become a better one if they were to do some modifications with their strategies. With the constantly changing economy they need to adapt their strategies to the changes. I’m not saying they would have to always change their strategies but I think they should always try their best to make their strategies fit the customers as well as help the success of the company. With that being said I believe they will receive even better results for the company as well as the consumers.

Global Development of the English Language

Global Development of the English Language Introduction In the 18 centurys mid, it was realized by people that English has the related potential to become one of the world language because of individuals belonging to foreign were gaining dominance in comparison to others. Within the Europe, it was becoming a fashion to learn English language. With the passage of time, Italians also started taking interest to learn English and hence because of geopolitical enhancement, English language initiated to gain maximum attention of persons of the global world. Hence, the colonization takes place because the territories of the world were speaking in the English language (Osterhammel, 2005). Similarly, in 1952 (the time of Elizabeth 2) most people were using English Language to communicate with each other and hence, this growth of English Language tremendously increases because of expansion of colonial of England towards territories in the global world. The different patterns of settlement The English language was continuously spreading and hence, with the passage of time different patterns of colonization arises based on geographical locations as well as reasons of sociopolitics respectively. However, some countries think to spread themselves as â€Å"settler colonial† territory. On the other hand, dependency territory patters also present. The settler colonies, including many countries such as USA, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Thus, the people of Europe move towards these countries (Curthoys, 2005). It was not easy for the locals to migrate; hence, the outsider who needs a settler colony came towards these countries. Moreover, some local persons did marriage with people that came after migration including Mexico persons. On the other hand, some of them did not married to these migrated people and living, as they were always living in initial duration. The other pattern of colonization namely dependencies that was done within the most powerful country. Thus, no settler did migration and hence the country if adopted colonization than they make certain administrators (an organization) who did control of these native people. However, this was done in India when the British Raj takes control over India. In this, the Netherland people (an organizations role taken) control over East India. Another pattern of colonization was plantation colonies. In this colony, the country that was maximum in powers grow different crops and take over the lands of those countries that are poor and not able to argue with others. Within these colonies, the poor country became slaves of the rich country and work, as they are their farmers of the land. It includes countries like Jamaica. As there were different, patterns present of colonization, so it also includes trading post. In this colony, export and import was done with freedom. This mostly happened within the country that was more powerful and was rich as well. Similarly, the trading post was set up so that they have easily traded, selling products and services and flourishing their businesses towards the international market and gaining maximum concentration of the rest of the world. As per this situation, the rich countries were setting their forces of military and incurring different rules and regulation within the countries that were colonized. People were influenced and ready to move towards other colonies because there were unemployment increasing within the England territory and hence, they think to move towards other colonies, which arises sociopolitical issues. Thus, people move to deal with unemployment issue as well as inflation. The overseas colonies were providing them job and fulfilling their needs. The linguistic consequences With time, the linguistic consequences arise for colonization in different and new forms the English in the globe (Mufwene, 2004). Similarly, in new varieties of the English arises and play a significant role. Within the new varieties of the development, five different stages came from the English (Seargeant Swann, 2012). The very first stage was foundation in which English came in a territory that was very new and no single person was aware of this language. Within this territory, the settlers introduce the language and hence communication initiated. The other stage is exonormative stabilization. Within this stage, the English was the main language that was already spoken by different administrators and purpose of education. The third stage named as nativisation in which traditional culture and politic alliances replaced by the new one. The new linguistic took place and people started practicing them. The other stage was endonormative stabilization. Within this stage, the English t erritory considered as the important one and people started following it. Hence, a political independent territory takes place and English language play an essential role within the territory. The last stage was differentiation in which the people living locally were established in advance manner. However, people belonging to internal linguistic started and adopted English language as per their own choices and shaped the language in their own style. British Isles or beyond along with one case of colonization and variation of the language Different colonies were present that speak English Language in the world. The expansion of colony, England made the language of English as an international one. Hence, the English language gain maximum development because of different settlers of Europe was English speakers. Taking the example of North America, which was founded in 1607. The settlement done within the country and the group was named as the Pilgrim Fathers. To attract settlers, North American colony played a vital role during 1620. Almost 25000 people shifted towards North America because of the attraction. These pilgrims get religious freedom to live easily and follow their religion as per their own choices. The southern colonization was very different from northern one, as people settling in southern got less freedom comparatively. However, there was a relationship made in between North American persons settlement and trading the slave which was complex enough (Seargeant Swann, 2013). With the passage of time, the difference takes place in between British English and American English. This difference, termed as colonial lag. Likewise, within the North America, variation occurs within the languages. With the linguistic differences, certain conflict arises in terms of economies, but hence gradually colonists take interest and settlement done. In 1783, similar like British gain full independence. Moreover, because of the colonization, a civil war also led in 1806 in which North America got the victory. The resulting categories of language speakers as per Kachru’s circles Different speakers for the English Language development present many models. However, Kachru’s Circle Model is one of the best, which describe colonization including different countries. In 1985, when the English was developed in the world, Kachru presented a model named as three-circle model intensifying its ways. This circle model consists of different phase include inner circle, the outer side circle and the last expanding circle (Schmitz, 2014). As the English used around the globe and hence became an important language. For this reason, the circles have reasons, including the type in which the circle is spreading, different forms and the acquisition of the language and function of the similar language that having cultures across the borders correspondingly. The inner circle of the model is representing the English usage in traditional ways, where the people believe that this English language is their mother tongue. Countries like the USA, UK, and New Zealand are falling within the inner circle of the model. The other part of the circle named as an outer side circle. This part of the circle consists of the language English within those countries where it is being used as a secondary language. The language here is believed as a developing norm and it includes countries like Malaysia and India. The last part of the circle is named as expanding circle. Within this phase, people learn most common language of the world that is the English language. There is no history of English present in time, however, they do learn because of communication purposes with international countries including territories USA, UK and others. The people of these countries learn English language because the English language is an international language and commonly speaking all over the world. In addition, countries like China, Poland, and Greece are coming into expanding circle phase as they have learned English for just communication purposes. It is believed that this model plays an important role to understand the English and its usage in different countries and territories. Moreover, this model helps to understand the English reality and its maximum belonging countries within the world. Conclusion The history shows the growth and continuous development of the English Language within the world. The process of expansion of English was initiated in the 18th century and still it is growing in current world. The need of English was realized from the 18th century, but still no one can stop this growth. The English language now plays a significant role within the world to communicate with one another on an international basis. From taking setup internationally, to getting an education, the English language is necessary for all and is present in all forms including written and verbal. The colonization helps to process and develop the English language and become the turning point present in the history. Similarly, a lot of development also done in the English language to prosper this in the world and hence in result Kachru presented a model for giving better understanding. References Curthoys, A., 2005. Transnational historiography. In: Connected Worlds: History in Transnational Perspective. s.l.:ANU E Press, pp. 7-9. Mufwene, S. S., 2004. Language Birth and Death. Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 33, pp. 201-222. Osterhammel, J., 2005. Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview. s.l.:Markus Wiener Publishers. Schmitz, J. R., 2014. Looking under Kachrus (1982, 1985) three circles model of World Englishes: the hidden reality and current challenges. Scielo, 14(2). Seargeant , P. Swann, J., 2012. The linguistic consequences of colonisation. In: English in the World: History, Diversity, Change. Ney York: Routledge, pp. 107-109. Seargeant, P. Swann, J., 2013. English in the World: History, Diversity, Change. s.l.:Routledge.

rescued :: essays research papers

Introduction Jacques Nasser was born in Lebanon in 1949, but grew up in Australia. He joined Ford's Australian operation as a financial analyst before he was barely 20, eager to see the world. In 1973, he came to the United States to join Ford's North American Truck Operations and the company's finance staff. Nasser jumped at the opportunity to travel around the world by accepting International assignments, which others avoided to places like Thailand, The Philippines, Venezuela and Argentina. He moved back to the United States after being promoted to the key position of President of Ford Automotive Operations and finally in 1999, he became Ford's CEO. Jacques Nasser has been portrayed as a man that possesses good and Impeccable leadership qualities. Before Nasser came on board of Ford's Motor Co., Ford had been a company that efficiently made cars, and in recent years at least, earned solid profits. Nasser has plans to take Ford to the forefront of the Motor industry and transform it into a nimble, flexible organization and better attuned to the International automobile Industry he sees emerging. From the very time Nasser joined Ford, he had displayed hardworking abilities, being from a modest and often intolerant surroundings as a Lebanese born immigrant in Anglo-dominated Australia. Jacques Nasser in his quest to make ford a front-runner in the motor Industry exhibited several signs of leadership, which has made the company progress. Jacques, in addition to having a profile that includes speaking fluent English, Arabic, Spanish and Portuguese (which are all qualities that a person involved in global operations of a business should possess), also speaks the most important language that any auto executive can understand: the language of a passion for cars that is respected by both consumers and enthusiasts alike, as reported in the Detroit News. As President and Chief executive officer of Ford Motor Company, Nasser has all of the credentials that point to a natural rise to top level management of a global automaker while continuing to embrace the equities that helped him to his ascension. As a true car lover, Jacques usually drives Ford's cars and other competitor's cars to know their various mechanisms, how they run and any other way it could be improved. Other executives are known to be usually driven around by personal chauffeurs, while Nasser derives joy from driving himself to wherever he is going with his sport cars. In the Management textbook by Griffin, hundreds of studies have been

Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander The Great was one of the greatest emperors and leaders of the world. In fact, he was the only emperor to be called, "The Great." He had studied under a great Greek Philosopher, Aristotle, who taught Alexander literature, science, medicine, philosophy and to speak and write well. Alexander was the son of Philip of Macedonia. Philip became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C., but died in 336 B.C. He left his kingdom to Alexander. Alexander ruled for only thirteen years but he succeeded far beyond what his father had planned. After his father's death in 336 B.C., Alexander became king of Macedonia. He strengthened his claim of king by quickly stopping revolts by Athens, which tried to break away from Macedonia, by destroying the city of Thebes, and by defeating neighboring lan...

Henry James :: American Scence Henry James Essays

Henry James In August of 1904, after more than two decades abroad, the sixty-year-old Henry James returned to the United States for a year. While William James had famously remarked that his brother was "a native of the James family" (W James 517), with little else in the way of national affiliation, Henry considered himself as American as ever after his twenty years in Europe. The book he wrote about his American journey was titled The American Scene only because James's first choice had been taken; he would have preferred to call it The Return of the Native.[1] But James's sense of himself as a native, as one at home in the United States, was shaken by his alienating experience of the American public, both as readers and as fellow citizens. Today I want to consider ways in which James struggled to preserve a secure sense of himself, the private identity he called "my me,"[2] in the midst of disorienting encounters with the American press and the American people -- encounters, I ar gue, that share a certain uncanny logic. The American press staged a lively debate over the meaning of Henry James, in reviews of The Golden Bowl and of the early chapters of The American Scene, accounts of James's lecture appearances, cartoons of the elusive "Master," and parodies of his ornate late style. The name "Henry James" came to serve as a kind of shorthand for a complex nexus of anxieties about ethics, art, and nationhood. James's writing and life gave rise to debates about morality (was he decadent or just sophisticated?), manliness (was he effeminate or just sensitive?), and modernity (was he an aristocratic anachronism or was he avant-garde?), all entangled with the question of James's supposed patriotism or lack of it. James himself experienced the press attention paid him as an assault, and felt a visceral sense of violation at the way that journalists used him to define their own positions in debates that often meant little to him. He felt like a freak, ogled for the benefit and entertainment of the American crowd: "only those can understand," he maintained, "who have been terrified & paralyzed absentees restored hither after long years & with every one wanting to see (or to deny) the strawberry marks on different parts of their persons.

Compare and Contrast two poems bringing out and explaining each poet’s attitude Essay

Compare and Contrast two poems bringing out and explaining each poet’s attitude to â€Å"London†, and commenting on the differences and similarities in the way they write. In this following essay I will be comparing, contrasting and analysing two poems written in the 19th Century by two poets. The two poems that I will be analysing are called â€Å"London† and â€Å"Upon Westminster Bridge† written by William Wordsworth and William Blake. William Wordsworth was an English poet painter, born on November 28th, 1757. Blake spent the majority of his quiet life on the Southern Coast of England from 1800-1803. The exception of which was a short visit to Felpham. He died in 1827 at the age of 70. Like Blake, Wordworth was an English Romantic poet. He was born on April 7th, 1770 Wordsworth spent most of his life in the Lake District. In â€Å"London†, Blake talks about his disgust for London and how he feels a certain amount of sympathy for its inhabitants. In the first stanza Blake says â€Å"I wander thro’ each charter’d street†. This gives the implication that the city is a hug maze of streets and alleys. By using the word â€Å"wander† to describe his journey, the implication this has is that it is as though he was walking aimlessly through the city. It makes the reader see London through the eyes of Blake. Using this with the pronoun â€Å"I† makes it so much more of a personal encounter, and as the reader sees it through his eyes it is for them too. The effect that all of this has on the reader is that they feel as though Blake thought that there was no-where in London that was worthwhile visiting, showing how negative his feelings were towards the city. The word â€Å"charter’d† is repeated, this is done to remind the reader of the commercial nature of the city in the way that everything is owned. This is also emphasised on the next line of the stanza when Blake says, â€Å"where the charter’d Thames does flow†. This is implying that even the river is owned. The river can be interpreted as a symbol-life. Following a path set out for us, but only he finds depression along his way, again, showing the reader that he has lost a certain amount of faith in the city. In the same stanza he says â€Å"And mark in every face I meet†, by this he means that he is able to see the depression in the city, caused by poverty, greed among other things, all of which are effecting the rich and the poor. He repeats the word â€Å"mark† to reinforce the point that everywhere he is looking he can see symbolic â€Å"marks†. The use of the term â€Å"mark† also has another meaning, one of impurity, sins and scars, (which can be linked with comments later on in the poem). In this Blake may be using his technique of language to tell how, in his opinion, everybody in London is to blame for the condition, which it is was in. He comes from a lower middle class background; the son of a hosier and the tone of this poem expresses his awareness of the poverty around him â€Å"marks of weakness, marks of woes. By using repetition in the first stanza, Blake makes the reader feel that as he walks â€Å"thro’ each charter’d street† he is viewing images that sicken him. In the second stanza, Blake is reminding the reader how the depression is affecting â€Å"every man†. Again he uses the technique of repletion to emphasise the word â€Å"every† reinforcing the idea of collectiveness and blame for the whole city. This reminds the reader that nobody is able to escape the conditions of the depression. In this stanza Blake talks about â€Å"ever Infant’s cry of fear†. This is suggesting that the children are afraid of what they have been born into, and fearing that there is no hope whatsoever for the future. Blake goes on to talk about this when he says that they have an almost certain chance of becoming chimney sweeps or prostitutes, before the age of twelve. By describing it like this Blake succeeds in shocking and depressing the reader. It is here too that he plays on the concept of childhood innocence. By mentioning the children here he evokes the concept of innocence but it is ironic that this poem contains no innocence of it’s own, at all. This suggests to the reader how truly desperate the children are, Blake suggests and blames the citizens of London for the state that it is in. He describes, â€Å"mind forg’d manacles†. This means that the only thing that is preventing the people from living happy lives is their negative and depressive ways of thinking. In the third stanza, Blake makes reference to the â€Å"Chimney-sweeper’s cry†. At the time he wrote this poem, young children, especially young boys, were sent up chimneys to clean them. Many got trapped and died there. By reminding the reader of these conditions he makes the reader realise how horrific these events were. In this he tries to emphasise what a terrible place London was. Blake links the sweepers to the church when he says â€Å"Every black’ning Church apalls.† He is saying that the church is tainting themselves by not defending the chimney-sweepers. By involving the church in this whole affair Blake brings to sight how deep this chain of corruption went with regards to authority. The coupling of the words â€Å"church† and â€Å"apalls† also has a similar effect, as they are two contrasting words. Blake simply means that the church is no full filling its role to comfort the needy and is instead turning a blind eye on the suffering. Blake believes that the church was part of the reason London was in such a state.

Intel China Essay

As we know from the case Intel is a big company which produces microprocessors and software. From the case we have three characters; Charles Tang, Yong Li, and Qing Chen. The issue of the case is the termination of a project that is been carried out by Li that must be terminated. In the case Tang informs Chen to inform Li that he will have to finish the project he is in due the objectives we not reached or followed. The main issue is that the manual of software that was originally supposed to be made by Li has turned into a book, therefore missing the purpose of the project. When Li is informed by Chen about the orders stated by Tang, Li gets upset and furious with Chen ignoring her authority. The reasons for Li to get upset are that he has developed self interests on the project. This lack of authority from Li could be a consequence of the power he indirectly gets from the guanxi he has built over the years with senior managers. Also the fact that Chen is a woman may have influenced his reaction. Tang should have communicated himself to Li about the project change due to the importance of the matter to Li. Also Charles attitude to fit a horizontal rather than a vertical communication flow. Things in America might work that way but in Chinese are not used to direct negative forms. When a Chinese wants to express a negative answer, he or she will never say no directly but they will go around the subject and look for excuses not to make it. All about saving face. Like Chen, any person who is humiliated losses face. In the case of Chen the questioning of her authority over Li was the fact that made her lose face. In a personal opinion the way Tang managed his personnel was inappropriate. As mentioned before, Tang should have informed directly to Li about his decision to move him to another project. In the case that Chen still communicates to Li the termination of the project Li should be punish for the reaction. By being a subordinate of Chen, Li must obey orders from above. Otherwise I believe that he should be reminded of his position in this company. Furthermore instruct Chen in the art of negotiation and human resource management. Another issue is Tang wanting to be â€Å"one of the bunch of Intel employees† which means that he wants to be considered and treated as one more which could confuse the employees used to almost not treating with their bosses. Again the big issue in this case seems to be communication. Tang must find a way to reach their employees in a fair and effective way so situations like this not happen again. Also the fact that he has been away from China so long may cause him to forget basics in treating with his compatriots.

Characteristics of Strong Civilizations

Many strong civilizations share common characteristics of being successful but which one is the most important? You can have a strong education system like the Han Dynasty and have educated people building advanced technology. You can have a strong military like the Romans and conquer thousands of miles in land to claim as your own. But the best characteristic to have is strong leadership because they can unite a country and stuff like that. They can lead revolutions and uprisings. And they can lead strong militaries. One reason strong leadership is important is because they can unite a country, colony, empire etc.Ben Franklin John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others took an angry 13 colonies and united them as one as they declared independence from England. This made them successful because they united the colonies and eventually defeated England in the Revolutionary War to officially become independent. (Textbook, 559) Also, to unite the Incas the all powerful Sapa Inca united them by imposing their language and religion upon those they captured while also building a large road system. This made them successful because the roads allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire. (Textbook, 197)Another reason why strong leadership is most important is because they can lead revolutions and uprisings. In 1791 slaves in the French colony Saint Domingue revolted against their slave owners. They were lead by Toussaint L’Overture and this became known as the Haitian Revolution. This made them successful because they overthrew their white slave owners and created the first black republic. (Latin American Revolutions Packet) One famous revolutionary leader is George Washington. George took many unskilled farmers and made them soldiers in a surprising victory over the stronger British army.This made them successful because it was the last compromise to England and finally declared the 13 colonies free from England and created the new country the Unit ed States of America. (Textbook, 559-562) The last reason strong leadership is most important is because they can lead militaries. Before Julius Caesar was the Emperor of the Roman Empire he was once a strong military leader that one many battles and wars. This made them successful because they conquered many miles of land and made the Empire more powerful. (Textbook, 158) Also, Genghis Kahn of the Mongol Empire was a uthless military leader who had highly trained armies. He imposed strict military discipline and absolute loyalty. This made them successful because Mongol forces conquered a huge empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe. So as you can see, strong leadership is the best trait a powerful empire can have because they can unite the people, they can lead revolutions, and lead militaries. Examples like Julius Caesar and Genghis Kahn are always mentioned whenever strong leaders are brought up for the many successful things they accomplished. Which trait do you think is the best characteristic?

Children with Paid Work Essay

Nowadays, more and more children work for money. To some extent, paid work can help children to learn, to take responsibilities and have some extra money. However, it is also controversial to discuss whether or not children should get involved in money pursuit. To my mind, this really has some advantages and disadvantages. Paid work can bring children some income. Children are supposed to get money from their parents, which partly causes their parents some burden and make children annoyed when they cannot meet their essential demands. With some extra money, children and their parents might feel better. Children with paid work are likely to/ to be suppose to appear more responsible. They have to work seriously and efficiently, or they will be sacked. Their income really pays for their hard work; therefore, they seem to be wiser in spending money. Working can make children more experienced and well-disciplined. Children are also asked to be punctual if they work. They have to learn how to sell well, how to behave properly with customers, with their co-workers and with their boss. They also have to follow the working culture of the company. On the other hand, working might cause a lot of trouble to children. They might neglect in their study; they might feel too tired to do a good job in his schoolwork. More seriously, they might find it much better to work rather than to study or they might misrecognize that they do not need to study because they can earn money without studying further, which can harm much the future generation. In common, children can get engaged in some paid work, but they have to follow an appropriate plan so that they can learn to be responsible and do a good job as a student. Otherwise, they had better focus on only studying.

Annotated Bibliography Che Guevara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated Bibliography Che Guevara - Essay Example The writing also points to the waves of radicalizations, taking place after the most influential events. Abstract: The paper is a piece of creative art rather than a genuinely scientific work, but it still describes and discusses several aspects of the politician's political and social growth. The authors outline two main factors which contributed to Guevara's interest in Marxism: first of all, he traveled across Cuba for a long time and literally in every village found the proofs of Marxist anticipations. Secondly, Che had several influential persons in his life, three of whom were his close siblings. Both factors are presented as outlook-shaping. Abstract: The article is designed to discuss Che Guevara's inborn internationalism and inclination to revolutionary thought. The author holds that the main determinant of correspondence between Guevara's standpoint and Engels and Marx's teachings was his cultural background, as the entire Cuban nation had been creating a political philosophy now known as Guevarism for centuries, so Guevara simply became a representative of common notions about ideal social and political order. Furthermore, Lowy draw a hypothesis that Guevara's writing are themselves a logical completion of Marx's politeconomical ideas, adopted to national peculiarities and thus perceived generally in cultural context. 4) BEC. The Development, Maturation and Influences on the Guevara's Ideology. Retrieved October, 25, 2005. Available at: http://www.che-lives.com/home/modules.phpname=Content&pa=showpage&pid=12 Abstract: the paper was intended as reflections upon ideological timeline of Guevara's philosophical writings, viewed as the direct response to Marxism. This political study was spreading in a conductive atmosphere of national cognitive dissonance and radical discontent with existing power. The author prioritizes psychological reasons for Guevara's acceptation of Marxism, as the main remedy against Cuban declination. Another reason for the impact of radical study on Guevara's thought was the fertile ground for further considerations, provided by the political economist. Nevertheless, the author refutes the notion that Che Guevara was a genuine Communist and in his paper evidently defines the revolutionary's political course and orientations. 5) Saunonis, T. Che Guevara - Symbole of Struggle. Four, Guerillaism and Marxism. Retrieved: October, 26, 2006. Available at: http://www.socialistworld.net/publications/che/four.html Abstract: The article demonstrates family roots of Guevara's positive response to Marxism, as Che was grown as a hero, a social marginal, as his whole family and the representatives of his social class were strong and bold enough to ignore the rigid bureaucracy of existing state regime. Furthermore, the article matches the success of the Russian Revolution and Guevara's plans for reordering Cuba. As the politician

LED lighting fixtures market of US Research Paper

LED lighting fixtures market of US - Research Paper Example Third basic benefit LED based light offers are increased life spam performance as compare to conventional lighting technologies. Well designed LED lights gives 50,000 to 100,000 hours of performance or more. Along with these basic benefits associated with LED. These features provides overall cost effectiveness and environmentally beneficial source of lighting (The Climate Group, 2012). 3. Customer Demographic and Market Demographic Lighting industry in US is second in row after China. US demand for s same is projected to increase by 7.5 percent annually amounting to $25.3 billion in 2016 (IES, 2012). This product is not entitled to cater people of certain age, state, sex etc. It is residential as well as commercial product designed for all cost sensitive segment, low income segment. These fixtures provide efficient source of lighting which is need of every house and office. 4. Reasons for Selecting China for Buying China has been selected as a destination for production as it provide s cost effective manufacturing. In year 2012 China has regarded growth of LED lighting industry for next five years as 7th emerging industry. Hence, China is providing considerable support to increase its LED production at local level. To gain this industry specific benefit combined with the low cost labor availability, it has been decided to establish setting in china for buying LED lighting fixtures from China manufacturing firms. 5. Entry Mode Selected It has been decided to enter Chinese market for buying LED lighting fixtures as third party contractors. This decision is based on the fact the currently China is supporting local production to meet its own demand. Chinese... LED lighting fixtures market of US Importing final product to US, share in US market will captured through distributors and retailers. 1. Product and Country Background LED lighting fixtures industry is among the fastest growing industries in world. When account for the Global demand for lighting fixtures, it is projected to jump high above at 6.9 percent annually to $153 billion through 2016 (Global Information, 2012). This rise in demand is contributed by three major sectors: construction, motor vehicles and machinery and commercial and residential consumers (gnom, 2012). ABC plans to introduce LED lighting fixtures for commercial and residential users. Image 1 (Smallwood, 2012) LED lighting fixtures to be sold in US will be imported from China. China has the highest demand for light fixtures and through 2016 it is expected to retain its top position by with additional 36 percent rise in demand.US follow is on second position with 18 percent share in rise in global sales (Tao, 2012). Penetration of LED lighting fixt ures in US and China with growth in future is given in image 2 and 3. High growth in demand in China and across world has resulted in an increased production of LED lighting fixtures in China with government supporting and subsidizing the industry to remain competitive (Hausken, 2011). To cater dumping issues, ABC Company, has initially developed business model based on low frill product, hence, providing product at status which is used to dump the market.

Differences between juvenile diversion and probation Essay

Differences between juvenile diversion and probation - Essay Example It is a residential treatment program and helps troubled youths to be more productive in society without engaging in criminal behavior. The juveniles admitted are those who have experienced difficulty at home, in school and in the society. The program is designed in such a manner that juveniles attend some the sessions with their parents. In such a manner it becomes possible for juveniles to advance their relationship and communication skills with their parents. Families are offered the necessary tools for solving intra-family conflicts especially those concerning juveniles’ behaviors. On average this session takes between 6 to 9 months. This program is designed to be effective. The subdivisions under it are well designed to ensure that they maximally achieve their intended goals. These subdivisions include Job Skills, Garden Club, COG Group (Thinking For A Change), Reading Club – Read For Life, Aggression Replacement Training (ART), and The Seven Challenges. Job Skills: Under this subdivision, residents are imparted with vital skills required for job hunting. These include completing applications, making follow-ups, being in the appropriate attires and on job skills. Through the FACE – IT program, residents have a chance to acquire part time employment. The skills gained through the Job Skills subdivisions are definitely of great value to the juveniles enrolled in the FACE – IT program. COG Group: This is a very important division of FACE – IT which helps the residents to adopt better thinking techniques. This division enhances the residents to learn how to enhance their cognition abilities. The lessons are delivered in small group settings. Aggression Replacement Training: This is a training designed to help aggressive youths change from their aggression. This training touches on â€Å"social skill competence, anger-control and moral reasoning† (Nineteenth Judicial Circuit, 2013, p. 1). The skills gained under this program can be used

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Abortion - Essay Example This topic lies within the â€Å"gray areas† of human rights and impedes on religious moralities. Abortion was practiced way back in Ancient times. It was always considered as an option when the child would endanger the life of the mother. It was only in 1869 that the Catholic church considered abortion as† a sin punishable by excommunication† ( Trupin, 2009). Other than this law, abortion was not considered illegal until the 19th century, not because of its moral implications but because there were no laws that existed contradicting abortion. It was then normal for a woman to seek even medical help whenever she wanted to terminate her pregnancy. There were no abortion laws before the 19th century. In 1829, laws restricting abortions began to spread across the United States. In 1965, there were over 250 deaths caused by women who tried to abort their babies Illegally ( civilliberty,about.com) .In the United States during the 1960s and 1970s, bans on abortion were deemed as unconstitutional and were lifted. The lift on bans brought negative tension towards the government. However, things changed drastically after the 1973 US Supreme Court decision which legalized abortion. In addition to this the highly controversial case, the Supreme Court decision on Roe vs. Wade left a deep imprint in the legal history of abortion in the United States. Nevertheless, the incidence of abortion has declined as reported by the study made by Sedgh ( 2007 )which revealed that the† incidence of abortion in the United States decreased by 8% from 1996 to 2003†. Such decline can be attributed to greater access to contraceptives ( pills, condoms) and better orientation on family planning even to grade-school children. There are two types of abortion; surgical and medical. The different forms of abortion differentiate, reliant on the amount of time that has passed since

Comparing and contrasting Adult Fans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing and contrasting Adult Fans - Essay Example That is why I call it an obsession with an activity/ even in ones life. Different people have different hobbies depending on a wide array of factors. While some love playing video games on their computers, others like listening to music, others still find reading romantic novels their most preferred activity and so on. Ask anyone what they do regularly in their lives and you will be fascinated at the varied answers you will receive, these are their hobbies. Several factors influence the liking of such hobbies in different people. Such include, social class, level of education, peer types, environment, age, sex, occupation, etc. Hobbies are mostly done during leisure hours, some people however find it necessary to allocate some time at least in between their core duties to fit in some time for their hobbies. To this extent therefore, we can argue that different people have different levels of fanaticism for different hobbies. In this paper, I will look at the various factors which inf luence the choice of hobbies in adult population of LEGO and bronies. Hobbies tend to change considerably from childhood to adulthood. Children seem to like playing while in the ages of between 2- 5 years. Playing different soft games which do not involve a lot of brain work such as computer games, biking, etc. depending on their social classes dominates their lives and forms their hobbies. These hobbies tend to be common to both boys and girls in the same cultural setting. Such hobbies however changes as the children grow into adulthood. At about 10 and 15 years the teenage boys and girls get interested in totally different activities in all cultural diversities of the world. Moreover, more changes occur above this age as the teenagers graduate to young adults. Several factors play jointly to facilitate these changes. Such factors are varied and include the changes in lifestyles and places of residents with new friends and environments which come about with totally different

Global marketing - entering a new country with new product Term Paper - 1

Global marketing - entering a new country with new product - Term Paper Example The demographic profile of India also appears propitious for Costco to enter the country. India boasts of a young population and burgeoning middle class. The communication systems in the country are well developed and the government is committed to develop other infrastructural facilities in the country. When India gained independence in 1947, the country’s leaders adopted an inward-focused, socialist-style, economic framework. The economic goals were elaborated and pursued through the five-year plans. The banks were nationalized and their lending policies were aimed to meet the government targets with regard to priority sector lending. Private enterprises had little autonomy, to say the least. India remained a state-controlled  economy till the early 1990s (The Economist, 2011). The government-led Indian economy landed in deep trouble and faced a balance-of-payments crisis in 1991. The crisis provided the impetus for change and India embarked on the policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization. Since then, India has slowly but surely implemented reforms and has become a market driven economy (Wilson & Keim, 2006). India is the second most populous country of the world next only to China (See Appendix Figure 2-A: Population Pyramid). The total population of India is estimated to be more than 1.2 billion (CIA, 2014). The infant mortality rate in India is 43.19 deaths per 1,000 live births. The life expectancy at birth is 67.8 years. The population growth rate in India is expected to be 1.25 percent in 2014. India is likely to overtake China to become the most populous country of the world by 2030 (Haub & Sharma, 2006). The demographic profile of India is really attractive. India boasts of a pretty young population as 28.5 percent of the people living in the country are less than 14 years of age. 18.1 percent of the population is aged between 15 and 24 years. The

History of Education In America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

History of Education In America - Essay Example This division of labor has increased to a point that many people no longer know how to find or process their own foods, and just buy what they need. Despite this there is "cultural lag" (pg. 13) that shows a maladjustment by some parts of society in their educational institutions when changes in technology, for instance, occur. The more conservative and traditional sectors "lag" at these times, unwilling or unable to keep up. There are also problems with misconceptions that arise from misinformation. This type of "lag" can cause people to accept "factual" evidence that is later found to be untrue. (pg 13). The concept that there is empty "space" between the particles of an atom is being rejected by those who study physics today. However, the original concept will remain part of current curriculums until some time in the future, as will many other revised facts. Personal and societal values enter into every culture's form of education, even though they are constantly changing also, according to Ralph Linton, anthropologist. Many communities reject alternate thinking about religions, lifestyles, politics, etc. Today's core values, in America, are considered small by contrast to previous eras due to the complexity of this society. Instead of a predominant religion presiding over a community's affairs, for instance, a quorum has to be considered in order to enact laws that reflect the moral standards - such as those against killing others. So, too, are the opinions of many factions considered by educational institutions before deciding how they will proceed. The subject of corporeal punishment in schools is one that people used to regard as the school's choice but is now considered undesirable, for... The researcher of this essay aims to present an overview of the book by John D. Pulliam and James Van Patten, History of Education in America. From the early Greek teachings to education of modern times, school has been an important facet of any civilized culture. Today’s societal demands are numerous and multicultural as the people of the world get deeper into globalization. To compete in the workplace, to succeed, and to influence the future requires an increasingly complex form of education. Relatively speaking, it has always been this way as cultures of the world have had to interact socially and economically. The better one’s education, the more likely they were to do well in business, and the more opportunities they would have. But in this electronic society of high technology, fast communications and carbon-dating systems, education is a necessity of life, not just an employment tool or a way of achieving status. The solutions of the future will depend on the edu cation of today’s students. Teachers must be able to adapt also and know what the relationships of educational institutions are to society. The â€Å"New Century† finds schools using more standardized measurements of a student’s progress, and state-run data tracking. There is a need for schools to be run more professionally and efficiently. Competing in the world market is requiring a return to bilingualism that has been common in Europe and many other countries. As more of the world becomes democratic, the schools will reflect the values of a democratic society.

Conceptualizing Addiction Paper Essay Example for Free

Conceptualizing Addiction Paper Essay The history of addiction goes back centuries, and unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for people to realize the effects of chemical substances do more harm than good. The difference between drug use and abuse relies heavily on a person’s dependence on the substance. The line between the differences is often very fine. Depending on other factors involved, such as morals, values, environment, and genetic predisposition, the line will most likely be crossed without regard to the consequences until treatment and recovery are the only options left. This is essay compares two theoretical explanations for addiction, including a psychological theory, and a biological theory. In addition, the writer will describe the viewpoints of each model, and how their effectiveness in addiction prevention and intervention. The Psychological Model The psychological model includes cognitive behavioral theories, psychodynamic theories, and the learning theory. Cognitive-behavioral theories associate a person’s motivation for taking drugs with their need for variety (McNeece DiNitto, 2012). People often look for fulfillment and pleasure as they carry out their day-to-day responsibilities, thus finding chemical substances a way to escape reality or a reward. Psychodynamic theories suggest more complex explanations are the reason behind drug addiction. Childhood experiences and structure within the family determine a person’s ability to cope socially and emotionally. Thus, the person uses drugs to forget about the pain or provide a false sense of security. Finally, the learning theory of addiction implies that people learn over time and exposure to drugs that anxiety, tension, and stress all decrease with use, becoming a reinforcer for the user (McNeece DiNitto, 2012). Each  of theories explain addiction in terms of a malfunctioning thought process or learning process that can be reversed. For less severe cases of addiction, this type of treatment is effective. However, usually, a multi-treatment approach is necessary. Psychological models focus on the emotion and the mind, while biological models, as discussed next, find that addictive behaviors depend on the structure and chemistry in the body’s genetic makeup. The Biological Model â€Å"The statistical associations between genetic factors and alcohol abuse are very strong† (McNeece DiNitto, 2012). However, there is still much debate over the validity of genetics as a definite cause for addiction. Perhaps, the reason for this is because the number of children of alcoholics that go on to become alcoholics is still small. Additionally, genetic predisposition cannot explain the number of cases of alcoholics that did not come from alcoholic parents or families. In fact, addiction can be so prominent, that it remains even after the drug use has ended (McNeece DiNitto, 2012). Therefore, the biological theory should not be ruled as it is based on what takes place in the body. There is no other theory that can explain how a person could still have addiction symptoms when the substance is absent from their system. Predisposition implies that there is a mutation or malfunction in the body that appears to cause a craving or susceptibility to becoming addicted to a substance. Comparing Psychological and Biological Models Both of the psychological and biological models explain addiction. In addition, both models take a holistic approach in their arguments. They simply emphasize a certain portion of the body and based their studies around that. Interestingly, the theories related to the psychological model are all insightful to how humans think and interact, however, they do not explain well the interactions that take place once a substance takes over quite like the biological model. Finally, the main shortcoming of the psychological model of addiction is the treatment approaches, which attempt to retrain a person’s thinking. Since biologists have proved there are specific genetic components of addiction that are naturally either present or absent, causing a mutation, a simple change of thought will not be enough  to cure addiction in most cases. Treatment for Addiction Prevention and Intervention Out of the two models, the biological model has impressive supporting evidence regarding treatment for addiction. Perhaps, this is because of the perspective of how addiction affects people. It is easier to find a solution to a problem that is explained with support, rather than common thought patterns shared between people. Addiction may have specific characteristics that users share, but ultimately, it will affect everyone differently and many factors will be involved. Problems associated with drug abuse affect areas such as the digestive, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems, which is another advantage of biological treatment. Biologists study these systems and there functions and how addiction affects them. Thus, allowing them to incorporate treatment techniques that specialize in minimizing the effects of addiction while restoring the body’s systems. The duration, extent, and resiliency of the person still plays a vital role in the recovery and treatment process. Conclusion The history of addiction continues to stir controversy as to how it starts, who it affects, and why. While many choose to use chemical substances to get variety out of life, there are several that become addicted who cannot even give an answer as to why they continue to use. This is a sign of chemical dependency and typically means that the body and mind have now been altered in such a way that there will be adverse effects if and when a person chooses to stop using. Often, the decision to stop using is not voluntary. For many, there is not a realization that there is even a problem. There are just as many models that explain addiction as there are reasons that people become addicted. This essay explored the psychological and biological models of addiction. The psychological model deals with the mind and emotions, suggesting that people learn and adapt to certain behaviors over time. The biological model explains addiction as being present in all of us prior to being born, depending on the genetic predisposition and mutations. Arguably, no theory is better than another at explaining addiction. However, there is substantial evidence that supports  the biological model and its treatment when dealing with people with addictions. Reference McNeece, C.A., DiNitto, D.M. (2012). Chemical Dependency: A systems approach (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Fahrenheit 451 Analysis Essay Example for Free

Fahrenheit 451 Analysis Essay The theme of Ray Bradburys classic Fahrenheit 451 can be viewed from several different angles. First and foremost, the book gives an anti-censorship message. Bradbury understood censorship to be a natural outcropping of an overly tolerant society. Yet, the protagonist Guy Montag is one of the few that is courageous enough to find out the truth for himself. This unexpected discovery on the corruption of society challenged traditional values, knowledge and beliefs. The personal freedom to the right of an individual having the freedom of expression when he utilizes the issue of censorship in Fahrenheit 451. In Bradburys novel, society has evolved to such an extreme that all literature is illegal to possess. Because of the trouble books may cause, they were banned altogether. For example, one group might think they had a really great idea and wrote it in a book, however, the other group might object to something that has been written, that means the book will have to be modified and therefore censorship begins. Soon, another group objects to something else in the book, and it is again edited, eventually the original product will be lost. Because of this presented danger, no longer can books be read, not only because they might offend someone, but because books raise questions for the people that the government cannot answer. The intellectual thinking that comes from knowledge can often be dangerous, yet, who would want to do that when they can take the easy route? â€Å"Ignorance is bliss† applies perfectly here. The government would rather rule the people orderly than have them start a revolution with knowledge. This philosophy, according to the book, completely ignores the benefits of knowledge. True, knowledge can cause disharmony because it causes people to ask â€Å"why†, but in many ways, knowledge of the past, which is recorded in books, can prevent mankind from making similar mistakes in the present and future. The society envisioned in Fahrenheit 451 is corrupted. As Captain Beatty explains, government control of peoples lives there was not a conspiracy of dictators, but a consensus of everyday people instead. The citizens are so weak-minded that they dont want to think for themselves and solve the troubling problems of the world. They don’t have much emotion, because they prefer pleasure over hurt. The only way they can do this is to not care. The parlor women, for example, cannot see past the surface. They are more interested in looks than reality; they are so shallow that they cannot see one’s true qualities. It is far easier to live a life of seclusion and a life where technology will provide you with all necessities. Yet more importantly, Fahrenheit 451 described the people in that society as anti-social. Clarisse, the only â€Å"normal† girl mentioned that people in that society doesn’t talk much, at all. They are â€Å"either shouting or dancing around like wild† (30), but the key point is, â€Å"people don’t talk about anything† (31), â€Å"they name a lot of cars or clothes or swimming pools mostly and say how swell!† (31) They do not quite live in the reality, only using abstract things to entertain themselves. â€Å"They all say the same things and nobody says anything different† (31) because in their eyes, technology and the government is always correct. This is very similar to our world today, almost everyone some kind of technology: television, computer, hand held devices. When we have a choice between technology or nature. It is almost certain that technology wins. We are on the computer three to four hours a day, doing work, checking email, social media, or just simply surfing the web. Our everyday life is technology; we depe nd on it so much that it is almost impossible to live without it. People in the novel are afraid of themselves, of what their minds are capable of doing. They fear the thought of knowing, which leads them to depend on others, such as technology and the government to think for them. The best example would be the protagonist Guy Montag. His entire view on life shifted as the book progressed. He was originally a normal fireman, but when he met his neighbor Clarisse McClennen, who was considered a misfit in the society, he began to see things differently. Instead of burning books because it’s useless information to the public, he now wants to share its knowledge with the whole world. Montag is at war with the society, he’s battling against the â€Å"common knowledge† and laws, trying to shine some light on the people. Thus, the book successfully advocates the idea that men should think for themselves, not let technology or any outside sources decide for them. Technology may provide you with joy, but to live life to the fullest, you have to try everything, and there are no substitute for the treasure you can find in books. It’s like Montag said, â€Å"I went around doing one thing and feeling another.† (131) as he reflects on all the trouble that he has gotten into because he has not been true to himself. Although this path might not be easy, it is necessary for any society that doesnt wish to repeat the mistakes of the past to earn knowledge. Our society today needs to realize that before it is too late.

Functions of Child Learning Through Play

Functions of Child Learning Through Play In New Zealand, play is considered as an important aspect of children’s learning especially in Early Childhood Education. Dockett and Fleer (2002) explain that Play is considered as a potentially powerful medium for learning and a strong experience for those involved in it. According to Oliver and Klugman (2002), â€Å"play is the way a child explores his world, builds skills and exercises his imagination and learns through experiences† (p. 66). What did I do or think in relation to children learning through play before the discussions and presentation? :- Before discussions I did think that play is just for fun, amusement and good time pass for children. Earlier play was important for me, but wasn’t that important as it comes clear after the discussions. What do I think now in relation to children learning through play :- Undoubtedly, play is the strong base for children’s physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Importance of social confidence long-term effects (MoE, 1996). Physical play strengthens children’s gross motor skills through activities like riding bikes, swings, water play, running, climbing, kicking balls as well as fine motor skills by involving in activities of drawing, painting, cutting, playing with dolls. Play also holds significant importance for children’s cognitive development. It helps them in problem solving, reasoning and thinking while they are involved in plays such as puzzles, dramatic play, block play and storytelling. (Bruce, 2001) explains that language development through play is also fostered in children by verbal and non-verbal communication while expressing their feelings, interacting with playmates and listening to other’s language (Cited in New Zealand Tertiary College [NZTC], 2012). According to Glover (2001), through play, children develop and extend their social skills and develop relationships when they interact with others. Playing in groups or pairs (Cooperative play) allows them to practice their skills of sharing, turn taking, self-control and co-operating while participating in dramatic and creative plays. Children extend and practice their knowledge of the wider world through role play such as: fire fighter, doctor, father, etc. During group plays, children get the opportunity to express and control their feelings, understand others feelings, learn to resolve internal fears and conflicts. Active participation of children in their own world fosters mastery and control resulting in providing the feelings of competency and self-efficacy. Play also helps children to discover about self-including likes and dislikes (Klien, Wirth, Linas, 2004). According to the principle of holistic development in Te WhÄ riki, learning and development includes opportunities for open-ended exploration and play. For example, children love to play in sandpit, water, papers where there is no limit of amount of things that they can do with them. Materials can engage them for hours as they watch the effects that their actions can have on them (Ministry of Education [MoE], 1996). This theory is also linked with goal 4 of strand of exploration which explains that â€Å"children experience an environment where they develop working theories for making sense of the social, physical and natural worlds.†(MoE, 1996, p.90) and learning outcomes also include knowledge, skills and attitudes. Piaget believes that stages of development are directly related to stages of play (cited in Grey, 2010) .For example: Functional play (birth- 2 years) fosters sensory-motor skills in infants when they explore objects in a variety of ways using their different senses and physical abilities, can be linked to Te WhÄ riki, Goal 2 of Exploration strand and learning outcomes of â€Å"developing strategies for actively exploring and making sense of the world by using their bodies and all the senses† (MoE, 1996, p.86). Pretend play, which enables children to socialise, incorporate others in their play, use substitutions for real objects, respect other’s ideas and learn to negotiate. Lev Vygotsky’s theory is another perspective to explain the impact of play on children’s learning in early childhood education. According to McNaughton and Williams (2004), Vygotsky’s theory explains that play generates imagination through which children understand their feelings and desires. It also gives importance to rules to follow during the play to make it successful and also emphasize the importance of the social settings in which learning takes place. According to Docket and Fleer (2002), Vygotsky believes that play held greatest developmental significance in early childhood years. Children have rules and roles during the play and they learn and develop within a social and cultural context, which can be further linked to goal 3 of Contribution and strand of Communication mentioned in Te WhÄ riki. In his theory, play is explained as social learning and sometimes play is directed by the social world and children transmit social and cultural informati on and knowledge (cited in Dockett Fleer, 2002) . For example: If a child is playing alone and being mother, father or farmer, what these roles act and what social and cultural origin they have, varies with different social and cultural settings. It is also explained in goal 3 of Communication in Te WhÄ riki. Moreover, Vygotsky also emphasised that parents and educators assume an important role in children’s learning which is again a vital component of Te WhÄ riki as mentioned in goal 1 of belonging. To summarise, Play is the central component in The New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum which fulfils all curriculum requirements and learning outcomes needed by the infants, toddlers and young children as mentioned in Te WhÄ riki. Moreover, above mentioned two theories strongly supports the role of play for development and learning of children in early childhood years. The strands, goals and principles of early childhood curriculum Te WhÄ riki also explain the significance of play in children’s learning and holistic development and make it a framework in early childhood education in Aotearoa/New Zealand. What does this teach me about future my role as a beginning teacher?:- Early childhood teacher plays an important role in children’s learning and development. Children need a safe and secure learning environment in which they should be given opportunities to explore and understand their feelings, emotions, experiences from which they will construct knowledge. Teachers can offer children with a range of quality learning experiences which will encourage active learning, problem solving, effective communication, creativity, social adjustment and participation. To provide children with active learning environment, teachers should understand the individual child by knowing children’s background, family situations, parental expectations play experiences and prior learning experiences. Dunkin and Hanna (2001) believe that teacher plays various roles such as facilitator (by providing ideas and strategies to extend their thinking and reasoning), co-learner (by using open-ended q uestions, supporting them in difficult tasks and by modelling of language), co-partner, listener/decoder, observer, planner, while involved in child’s learning through play. They also emphasize that a teacher should also have formal or informal observation of child’s strengths, interests and stages of development and should discuss and share the observation results with colleagues and families/whÄ nau. While engaging in children’s play, teachers should encourage them to express their ideas through communication. At the same time, allow children to play themselves to develop their own learning, providing different kinds of play such as physical, sensory, explorative, creative and individual and group play (Dunkin Hanna, 2001). To implement a play-based curriculum, the role of a teacher is very crucial. For example: In physical play, young children need opportunities to further develop their physical skills and practice to control their body movements, teachers need to facilitate these opportunities with availability of space and equipment. By providing sufficient range of equipment and materials, time and space, a teacher can support to develop their concentration skills by explorative play. Teachers can be play-partners or co-constructors for sensory play such as by providing opportunities to explore a variety of natural materials (sand, water, dust etc.) (NZTC, 2012). Teachers should also use strategies of problem solving, encouraging, praising and helping, questioning and suggesting (Macnaughton and Williams, 2009). They should use open-ended questions rather than direct answers and allow children to share their knowledge, ideas, beliefs and thoughts to extend their interests. Another very useful teaching strategy is following children’s Interest, where teacher can adjust the activities according to child’s lead rather than using own pre-planned activities. Implication for my teaching role in future;- Play is very important aspect of children’s learning especially in Early Childhood Education in New Zealand. It focuses on the learning and holistic development of child through various types of plays (social, physical, sensory, explorative and creative) and creates the right atmosphere for children to learn life skills and paves the way for holistic development (MoE, 1996). As children spend most of their waking hours in Early Childhood Education in New Zealand, so teachers play central role in their lives. As a future teacher I will focus on encouraging children for play and will create an environment which is non-violent, inviting, informative, fun loving and homely. Therefore, I will follow specific and effective teaching strategies which are already discussed earliar in previous section, to enhance and extend children’s learning through play. Reference List: Bruce, T. (2001). Learning through play: Babies, toddlers and the foundation years. London: Hodder Stoughton. Dockett, S., Fleer, M. (2002). Play and pedagogy in early childhood: Bending the rules. Southbank, VIC: Thomson. Dunkin, D., Hanna, P. (2001). Thinking together: Quality adult-child interactions. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Glover, A. (2001). The role of play in development and learning. In E.Dau (Ed.), Child’s play: Revisiting play in early childhood settings. Rosebury, NSW: MacLennan Petty. Klien, T., Wirth, D., Linas, K. (2004). Play: Children’s context for development. In D. Koralek (Ed.), Spotlight on young children and play. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children. Grey, A. (2010). Developmental theories in early childhood education. In B. Clark A. Grey (Eds.), Perspectives on early childhood education. Ata kite ate pae – scanning the horizon (pp. 46-54). North Shore, New Zealand: Pearson. MacNaughton, G., Williams, G. (2004). Techniques for teaching young children: Choices in theory and practice (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. Ministry of Education. (1996). Te WhÄ riki: He whÄ riki mÄ tauranga mÃ…Â  nga mokopuna o Aotearoa/Early childhood curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand: Learning Media. New Zealand Tertiary College. (2012). Play as framework for learning 1 study guide. Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Tertiary College Oliver, S. J., Klugman, E. (2002). Playing the day away. Child Care Information Exchange, 5, 66-69